Clinical Efficacy of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Refractory Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | Vol. 14, No. 9, September 2026 | pp. 723–734

DOI: 10.46882/2026/IJOG/000541

Original Research Article

Title: Clinical Efficacy of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Refractory Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Names of Authors: Anita P. Nwosu¹, Samuel T. Kudoyin²

Authors’ Affiliations:
¹ Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria
² Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract:
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) causes hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, leading to permanent infertility in young women. This prospective case-control clinical trial investigated the therapeutic safety and endocrine efficacy of autologous Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (BM-MSC) transplantation via localized intraovarian injection. Sixty women diagnosed with refractory POI (amenorrhea > 12 months, FSH > 40 IU/L) were enrolled; 30 patients underwent laparoscopic intraovarian microinjection of autologous BM-MSCs, while 30 age-matched POI patients on standard hormone replacement therapy served as controls. Serum AMH, FSH, and estradiol concentrations were evaluated monthly, alongside transvaginal ultrasound monitoring of Antral Follicle Counts (AFC). At 6 months post-treatment, 56.7% of the BM-MSC group demonstrated a clinical resumption of menstruation, compared to 0.0% of controls (p < 0.001). The treated group achieved a significant increase in median serum AMH levels (0.02 ng/mL to 0.14 ng/mL, p = 0.002) and a significant reduction in mean serum FSH levels (68.4 ± 12.5 IU/L to 28.5 ± 8.4 IU/L, p < 0.001). Ultrasound confirmed the reappearance of active antral follicles in 46.7% of treated ovaries, leading to three spontaneous, successful clinical pregnancies within the follow-up window. No severe procedural side effects or neoplastic transformations were identified. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation successfully restores baseline ovarian endocrinological functions and rescues follicular growth paths in women experiencing premature ovarian insufficiency.

Keywords: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Stem Cell Transplantation; Ovarian Rejuvenation; Folliculogenesis; Anti-Müllerian Hormone.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: July 30, 2026; Revised: August 25, 2026; Accepted: September 06, 2026; Published: September 12, 2026.

Citation: Nwosu AP, Kudoyin ST. Clinical Efficacy of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Refractory Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026; 14(9): 723–734.

Subscribe to read the full article: https://mail.internationalscholarsjournals.org/subscribe-to-read