ISSN 2326-7267
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN 2326-7267 Vol. 15 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Chemical Profiling and Inorganic Element Analysis of Calendula officinalis and Sonchus asper
Iqbal Hussain1*, Riaz Ullah1, 3, Naeem Khan1, Sultan Ayaz4, Shabir Ahmad1, Shanzeb1, Majed Ahmed1, Pir Tariq Hasan1 and Farhat Ali Khan2
1Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
2Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
3Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, KSA.
4Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
Accepted 19 November, 2025
The present work was carried out to investigate the quantitative determination of crude phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins), heavy metals and inorganic constituents in Calendula officinale and Sonchus asper. Heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and inorganic constituents by the available methods (AOAC, 2000). The studied plants showed variable amount of phytochemicals, heavy metals and inorganic constituents. In case of heavy metals, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and Ag were recorded. The amount of inorganic constituents was also found in considerably different levels. The study is of particular importance for providing a scientific data base line.
Key words: Phytochemicals, Calendula officinale, heavy metals.