ISSN 2326-7275
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology | Vol. 15, No. 9, September 2026 | pp. 1–9
DOI: 10.46882/2026/IJAP/000211
Article Type: Research Article
Title: Immunophysiological Response and Microstructural Alterations in Hepatic and Renal Tissues of Mus musculus Following Exposure to Bacterial Endotoxins
Names of Authors: Subbiah Poopathi¹*, S. Abidha¹
Authors’ Affiliations:
¹Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Vector Control Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry - 605006, India.
Abstract:
Bacterial endotoxins synthesized by insecticidal microorganisms exert distinct cellular stresses when introduced into mammalian models. This study evaluated the systematic immunophysiological responses and accompanying microstructural changes in the hepatic and renal systems of Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) following sub-acute exposure to isolated crystal endotoxins. A total of 32 mice were allocated into four experimental groups, receiving varied concentrations (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg body weight) via intraperitoneal injection over 14 consecutive days. Serum biomarkers, hematological profiles, and organ histopathology were evaluated. Exposure to the highest concentration induced significant physiological stress, indicated by a 2.4-fold increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and a 1.8-fold rise in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (p < 0.01). Histological examination of hepatic tissue sections revealed prominent sinusoidal congestion, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, and focal infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes. In renal tissues, glomerular shrinkage, widening of Bowman's space, and acute tubular necrosis were documented. Furthermore, differential leukocyte counts revealed a marked shift toward neutrophilia (68.4 ± 4.2% vs 22.1 ± 1.8% in controls), highlighting a robust acute-phase inflammatory reaction. These findings indicate that while insecticidal bacterial endotoxins demonstrate high specificity toward target vectors, elevated systemic exposure triggers distinct pathological transformations and physiological imbalances in mammalian metabolic organs. This highlights the importance of thorough biosafety evaluations during the formulation of microbial vector control agents.
Keywords: Endotoxins, Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Cellular physiology, Histopathology, Mus musculus.
Manuscript Timeline: Received: July 18, 2026; Revised: August 20, 2026; Accepted: September 02, 2026; Published: September 29, 2026.
Citation: Poopathi, Q. S., & Abidha, S. (2026). Immunophysiological Response and Microstructural Alterations in Hepatic and Renal Tissues of Mus musculus Following Exposure to Bacterial Endotoxins. International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 14(9), 1–9.