Histomorphometric Evaluation of Renal Tissue Remodeling in Wistar Rats Exposed to Chronic Bisphenol A Intake

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology | Vol. 15, No. 9, September 2026 | pp. 28–36

DOI: 10.46882/2026/IJAP/001004

Research Article

Title: Histomorphometric Evaluation of Renal Tissue Remodeling in Wistar Rats Exposed to Chronic Bisphenol A Intake

Names of Authors: O. M. Tanaka¹, E. S. Williams²*

Authors’ Affiliations:
¹ Department of Anatomy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
² Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.

Abstract:
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine disruptor widely used in consumer plastics, raising concerns regarding its potential tissue toxicity. This study investigated the structural and functional impacts of chronic low-dose BPA exposure on the renal architecture of Wistar rats using histomorphometric analysis. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of ten: Control (saline), Low-Dose BPA (50 μg/kg body weight/day), and High-Dose BPA (500 μg/kg body weight/day), administered via oral gavage for 12 weeks. Renal tissues were harvested, processed, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS). Histomorphometric analysis revealed significant structural alterations in the BPA-exposed groups compared to the control. The mean glomerular area significantly decreased in the high-dose group (4820 ± 310 μm² vs. 5950 ± 420 μm² in controls; p < 0.01), accompanied by an increase in Bowman's capsular space. Tubular diameter was altered, and widespread vacuolation, brush border loss, and epithelial desquamation were noted in the proximal convoluted tubules. Interstitial connective tissue volume fraction increased significantly in the high-dose group (12.4% ± 1.8% vs. 4.1% ± 0.6%; p < 0.05), indicating early-stage tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Biochemical analysis confirmed altered renal function, with serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels significantly elevated in treated rats. In conclusion, chronic oral exposure to BPA induces significant histomorphometric remodeling and structural injury in renal tissues, underscoring its potential nephrotoxic risks at environmentally relevant levels.

Keywords: Histomorphometry, Kidney, Bisphenol A, Proximal tubule, Nephrotoxicity.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: May 29, 2026; Revised: July 20, 2026; Accepted: August 18, 2026; Published: September 15, 2026.

Citation: Tanaka OM, Williams ES. Histomorphometric Evaluation of Renal Tissue Remodeling in Wistar Rats Exposed to Chronic Bisphenol A Intake. International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. 2026; 15(9): 28–36. doi:10.46882/2026/IJAP/001004

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