African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Protective role of gossypol against N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced gastric carcinogenesis in experimental rats

Gowri Rangasamy Gunassekaran, Renganathan Gayathri, Doraiappan Kalpana Deepa Priya, Sivalingam Murugan and Dhanapal Sakithsekaran*

Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai - 600 113, India.

Accepted 08 November, 2019

Abstract

Gossypol, C₃₀H₃₀O_8, is a polyphenolic aldehyde compound derived from the cotton plant (genus GOSSYPIUM, family Malvaceae) that permeates cells and inhibits wide range of cell growth. It also disturbs a variety of cellular enzymes that are known to be involved in energy production. According to literature survey, there is no study on the effect of gossypol on experimental gastric cancer. Here, we used gossypol as a model of polyphenolic compounds, because it possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties and is used as a dietary supplement. The animals were divided into five groups and the effects of gossypol on simultaneous and post-treated stages were studied in MNNG induced animals. The results of body and tumor weights were monitored, significant increase in the level of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls were observed on gossypol treatment. There is also a significant alteration in the antioxidant status which is found to be increased on administration of gossypol at a dosage of 40 mg/kgbwt for 30 days. The results of the present study suggest that gossypol may exert its cytoprotective effects by modulating lipid peroxidation and enhancing the level of antioxidant enzymes status of the tumor bearing animal. Thus, we conclude that up-regulation of antioxidants by gossypol treatment might be responsible for the decreased effect in gastric carcinoma.

Key words: Gossypol, N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, body weight and tumor weight.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Inter-relationship of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI) and subcutaneous fat with blood pressure among university-going Punjabi Sikh and Hindu females

Badaruddoza*, Navneet Kaur and Basanti Barna

Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Accepted 15 November, 2019

Abstract

Different anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC) and skin fold thickness are the important indicator to investigate the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the interrelationship between blood pressures with body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and subcutaneous fat. Three hundred university-going Punjabi Sikh and Hindu females were surveyed for blood pressures, pulse rate, height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, four skin folds (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac). All these measurements were taken from each subject using standard procedure. The relation between blood pressure and different anthropometric variables were assessed in multiple regression models. No significant differences of all the measured mean values of the traits have found between these two groups. However, further analysis of the data showed that BMI, WHR and skin folds measurements have significant (p < 0.05) effect on blood pressure phenotypes. The results of the present cross-sectional study indicated that BMI and WHR would be the good predictors for the chronic disease like hypertension. Primarily among female WHR should be used as a good predictor for elevated blood pressure.

Key words: Waist and hip circumferences, body mass index, blood pressure, Punjabi female.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Immunoactive property of acute and subacute administration of high dilution of Gelsemium sempervirens L., Histaminum and Poumon histamine

Hassan Rammal¹* and Rachid Soulimani²

¹Lebanese University, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanon.

²Neurotoxicologie Alimentaire et Bioactivié, UR AFPA, Université Paul Verlaine de Metz-INPL-INRA, BP 4102, 57040 Metz, France.

Accepted 12 September, 2019

Abstract

Anxiety is associated with subjective distress and many harmful physiological effects including oxidative stress, immunodepressive effect, and an increase in blood pressure. Anxiety is also implicated in a number of psychiatric disorders. The objective of this work was to study the protective property of homeopathic drugs on immunodepression caused by high anxiety level by evaluating the immunological effect of both acute and subacute intraperitoneally administration of high dilutions (9 CH, 15 CH and 30 CH) of Gelsemium sempervirens L., Histaminum and Poumon histamine in mice with contrasting level of anxiety evaluated in the light/dark choice test. Our results showed that these homeopathic drugs at different dilutions exert an important immunotrope effect on the cellular (granulocytes, monocytes, total lymphocytes, TCD4⁺, TCD8⁺ and NK cells) and humoral (immunoglobulins A, E and G) immunity in anxious mice.

Key words: Anxiety, Gelsemium sempervirens L., Histaminum, Poumon histamine, light/dark choice test, cellular and humoral immunity.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Hormonal actions of vitamin D and its role beyond just being a vitamin: A review article

Khurshid Ahmad Khan^1,2*, Professor Javed Akram¹ and Marium Fazal¹

¹Allama Iqbal Medical College and Jinnah Hospital Lahore, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistian.

²Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

Accepted 16 October, 2019

Abstract

Over the last decade there has been considerable evolution of our understanding of vitamin D metabolism and its biological activity. The discovery that most tissues and cells in the body have vitamin D receptors and that several possess the enzymatic machinery to convert the primary circulating form of vitamin D to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, has provided new insights into the function of this vitamin. Aside from calcium homeostasis vitamin D has been demonstrated to exert a wider range of biological activities including regulation of cellular differentiation and proliferation, immune functions, reproduction, and of special significance is to note its role in reducing the risk of many chronic illnesses, including common cancers, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular disease. Although it is fascinating that its in vitro biological activities were previously known in the past 2 decades, the physiological context of these is showing proof in many human studies now. Undiagnosed vitamin D deficiency is very common and 25-hydroxyvitamin D is the barometer for vitamin D status. Magnitude of this vitamin deficiency is so massive that unless some substantial measures are taken for its correction with supplementation, appropriate sun exposure and public education we may go back to where we were in 19th century, in terms of skeletal health and other newly discovered problems with vitamin D deficiency, when seeing patients with advanced rickets and osteomalacia was not an uncommon sight at all.

Key words: 25(OH) D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D; 1,25(OH)₂D, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D.

African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ISSN 2198-4638 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Analgesic activity of bark of Murraya paniculata

Manas Kumar Podder, Biswa Nath Das, Achinto Saha and Muniruddin Ahmed*

Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Accepted 18 November, 2019

Abstract

Murraya paniculata is a common plant widely available in Bangladesh. Different parts of the plant have been used extensively in various traditional formulations in South Asian countries. In order to rationalize the traditional use of the bark of M. paniculata, extract of equal proportions of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol was subject to mice, to evaluate its analgesic activities. The extract of the bark of M. paniculata obtained by cold extraction at an oral dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight significantly and dose dependently reduced the frequency of acetic acid induced writhing and prolonged the tail flicking latency in mice. At the given doses, the extract showed 37 (p<0.001) and 45% (p<0.001) inhibition of writhing respectively. In radiant heat tail-flicking method the crude extract produced 56 (p<0.001) and 73% (p<0.001) elongation of flicking time after 30 min and 30 (p<0.01) and 41% (p<0.001) elongation of flicking time 60 min after oral doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively. On the other hand, the bark extract exhibited 19% (p<0.05) elongation of flicking time after 120 min.

Key words: Murraya paniculata, whole extract, acetic acid induced writhing, tail flicking test, analgesic activity.

Key words: NCCLS, Etest, candifast, antifungal drugs.