Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 6 (10), pp. 001-008, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Biphenyl sorption to different soil clay minerals

Roman Tandlich^1,2* and Štefan Baláž^1,3

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.

²Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P. O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.

³Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences-Vermont Campus, Colchester, VT 05446, USA.

Accepted 22 September, 2020

Abstract 

Only limited information is available in the literature on the role of soil mineral surfaces in the sorption of hydrophobic organic pollutants. This knowledge gap is addressed through the assessment of biphenyl sorption to kaolinite, illite and bentonite; using the batch equilibration technique with incubations lasting 6 or 21 days at 28 ± 2°C in the dark. Sorption of biphenyl onto kaolinite followed the Freundlich sorption isotherm, whereas linear sorption isotherms were observed on illite and bentonite. The biphenyl sorption partition coefficient on kaolinite ranged from 0.1 to 9.1 cm³.g^-1 after 6 days and no sorption was observed after 21 days. This could have been caused by a completely reversible sorption or a loss of binding capacity after 21 days. The respective values of the biphenyl sorption partition coefficient on illite and bentonite ranged from 20.3 ± 0.3 to 120 ± 8 cm³.g^-1. Sorption equilibrium on the internal clay surfaces was reached after 6 days, as indicated by the sorption data for illite and bentonite. Access of biphenyl molecules to the internal clay surfaces is a function of the ionic strength of soil solution and the soil organic matter is the dominant site for biphenyl sorption after 6 to 21 days.

Key words: Biphenyl, sorption, kaolinite, illite, bentonite.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 6 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Study of weed seedbank in soybean crop

Branko Konstantinović¹*, Maja Meseldžija¹, Milena Korać¹ and Bojan Konstantinović²

¹Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.

²Agrimatco group – Dipkom d.o.o., Narodnog fronta 73/1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.

Accepted 13 August, 2020

Abstract 

In the period 2007 to 2010, at localities Backi Maglic and Krivaja studies of weed seedbank were performed under soybean crop. Results showed that weed seed separated at Backi Maglic in all years dominated in the top soil layer, while the lowest quantities were separated from the deepest layer, and that number of weeds declined annually. At Krivaja, the lowest weed seed stocks were found in the top layer, and the highest in the deepest layer. At this locality, number of weed seeds kept rising from season to season, which was the consequence of application of different cultural practices.

Key words: Soybean, weed seedbank, Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Datura stramonium L.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 6 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The interaction effect of water stress and manure on yield components, essential oil and chemical compositions of cumin (CUMINUM CYMINUM)

Ahmad Ahmadian¹*, Abolfazl Tavassoli² and Ebrahim Amiri³

¹Engineering and Technical Faculty, Torbate Heydariye, Iran.

²Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan Branch, Iran.

³Department of Agriculture, Lahijan branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.

Accepted 21 April, 220

Abstract

Water stress enhances essential oils content in medicinal plants. Manure in soil prepares essential elements and increase quality and quantity of plant products. To study the effects of water stress and manure application on yield components, oil percentage and its main constituents on CUMINUM CYMINUM, this experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Zahak, Zabol, south east of Iran in a complete randomized block in factorial design with four replications. Treatments including irrigation intervals (I₁: two times irrigation, I₂: three times irrigation and I₃: four times irrigation that are irrigation in germination, seedling, flowering and seed filing stages) and manure application (F₁: without manure application, F₂: 20 t/ha manure application). The chemical composition of the essential oil was examined by GC and GC-MS and they were significantly affected by water stress and manure (P<0.05). Three irrigation times with manure treatment produced the highest number of umbrella per plant, seed and biological yield and the lowest 1000 – seed weight and number of seed per umbrella. The effect of water stress and manure were significant on essential oil and its constituents. Three irrigation times with manure treatment caused the highest amount of cumin aldehyde and ρ-cymene and the lowest of β-pinene, γ-terpinene and α-pinene. Results showed that a relationship exist between the main constituents of cumin essential oil under water and manure application.

Key words: Cuminum cyminum, manure, irrigation, oil, oil constituents.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 6 (9), pp. 001-013, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Biplot analysis of grain yield in barley grown under differing management levels in years of contrasting season-end drought

Woldeyesus Sinebo*, Berhane Lakew and Abraham Feyissa

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P. O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Accepted 21 June, 2020

Abstract

Variance analysis and graphical biplots were used to understand the nature of genotype × environment interaction (G × E) in a grain yield data set obtained from 39 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes grown in 18 environments (a combination of three sowing dates, two crop protection treatments and three years) at Holetta, central highlands of Ethiopia. Genotype × year interaction was much more important than genotype × management interaction. Season-end drought was the environmental variable and time to maturity was the genotypic variable responsible for the high G × year interaction variance. An elite breeding line gave the highest mean yield and was the best under low but not under high season-end drought stress. Sasa, an early maturing landrace, was the best in a year of high season-end drought. Biplots enabled visual identification of compromise genotypes such as 3304 - 11 and 3381 - 04 that yielded reasonably well under both low and high season-end drought conditions. Selection for post-anthesis drought tolerance may result in high and stable yields across years and wider geographical adaptation in Ethiopian barley. The importance of unique landraces for stress situations is ascertained.

Key words: Barley landraces, genotype × environment interaction, GGE biplot, season-end drought, sowing date, insecticidal seed treatment, fungicidal disease control.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 6 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Grain yield and yield components of maize (ZEA  MAYS L.) as affected by crude oil in soil

O. M. Agbogidi

Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria. E-mail: omagbogidi@yahoo.com. Tel: 07038679939.

Accepted 10 August, 2020

Abstract

A field experiment on the effect of crude oil levels: 0.0 (control), 5.2, 10.4, 20.8 and 41.6 ml applied at different stages of growth on maize yield and yield attributes, with a view to making appropriate recommendation to maize growers in the oil producing areas of the Niger Delta, was conducted in Ozoro, Delta State during the 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons. Seven maize varieties: Composite (suwan 1), Hybrid 3x-yx, AMATZER w, TZBRSYN w, AMATZBR y, TZBRSYN y and Ozoro local were evaluated. The current study has objective of evaluating the yield and yield components of seven varieties of maize grown in soil contaminated with crude oil with a view to identifying and selecting the tolerant ones and recommending the same to farmers in the Niger Delta region where oil industrial activities are predominant. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with five treatments replicated four times. Crude oil application (ring application) was carried out at three weeks after planting (3 WAP), 5 WAP and 7 WAP. Plants were harvested at 112 days after planting and assessed for grain yield, 1000-grain weight, cob girth and shelling percentage. The results showed that crude oil treatment significantly reduced (P > 0.05) grain yield, grain weight and cob girth but increased shelling percentage at P < 0.05. Significant differences at the 5% probably level in the responses of maize varieties to crude oils were also recorded at 5 and 7 WAP with Hybrid 3x-yx recording highest grain yield and weight whereas Ozoro local produced the highest cob girth and shelling percentage. Based on the results obtained from this investigation, Hybrid 3x-yx appeared to be susceptible to soils affected with crude oil as death was eminent at higher oil doses. The open pollinated varieties (AMATZER w, TZBRSYN w, AMATZBR y, TZBRSYN y) are better in terms of relative tolerance hence should be recommended to farmers and maize growers in the oil producing areas of Nigeria. There is therefore the need to test the open pollinated varieties on farmers’ field to determine their adaptability to oil pollution. Furthermore, the need for further studies to determine the level of pollution at which maize growth and yield are adversely affected cannot be overemphasized. The study established varietal differences with respect to maize response to crude oil level and this provides a basis for future breeding work by plant breeders.

Key words: Crude oil, grain yield, yield components, Zea mays.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 6 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Using sulfur oxidizing bacteria and P solubilizing for enhancing phosphorous availability to Raphanus sativus

Rasool Khatibi

Department of Natural Resource, University of Zabol, Iran. E-mail: r_khatibi60@yahoo.com Tel: 0098 05422232600.

Accepted 15 April, 2020

Abstract

The present research was conducted in the Research Field of Agricultural Research Center of Chahnimeh, Zabol, Iran. Data related to the combined effects of rock phosphate, P solubilizing bacteria, sulfur and sulfur oxidizing bacteria on Raphanus sativus growth is scanty. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with eight treatments in three replicates. Treatments including: (1) control, (2) triple super phosphate (80 kg/ha), (3) rock phosphate (160 kg/ha), (4) rock phosphate + organic matter (tea waste, 1000 kg/ha), (5) rock phosphate + organic matter + P solubilizing bacteria, (6) rock phosphate + elemental sulfur (1000 kg/ha) + Thiobacillus sp., (7) rock phosphate + Thiobacillus sp.+ organic matter, (8) rock phosphate + elemental sulfur + Thiobacillus sp.+ organic matter were tested in plots measuring 3 x 7 m. At harvest crop yield and the related components were determined. Treatment 2 resulted in the highest amount of yield and stover with a 60 and 92% increase, relative to the control treatment, respectively. The next highest corresponding values were related to treatment 8 at 38 and 70%, respectively, not significantly different from treatment 2. Treatment 8 produced the highest oil percentage, followed by treatment 2 (39% increase) relative to the control. Sulfur treatments resulted in the highest oil percentage. The combination of chemical and biological methods (biofertilizers) can be a favorable method to increase the efficiency of naturally (rock phosphate) and synthetically (elemental sulfur) produced resources and hence optimization of chemical fertilization for crop production.

Key words: Raphanus sativus, organic matter, P solubilizing bacteria, rock phosphate, sulfur oxidizing bacteria, Chahnimeh.