Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Iranian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Leaves

Amir Jalili*¹, Asra Sadeghzade²

1Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Urmia branch, Urmia, IRAN.
²Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Urmia branch, Urmia, IRAN.

Accepted 10 January, 2026

Walnut leaves constitute a good source of healthy compounds, namely phenolics, suggesting that it could be useful in the prevention of diseases in which free radicals are implicated. In this study walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves from eleven different cultivars (Mayette, Fernor, Mellanaise, Elit, Orientis, Lara, Hartley, Franquette, Parisienne, Arco, Marbot) were studied for their phenolic compounds. The evolution of major phenolic compounds was monitored from May to September. Two extractive procedures were assayed and the best results were obtained using acidified water (pH 2) and a solid phase extraction column purification step. Qualitative analysis was performed by HPLC-DAD/MS and, in all samples; nine phenolic compounds were identified (3-caffeoylquinic, 3-p-coumaroylquinic and 4-p-coumaroylquinic acids, quercetin 3-galactoside, quercetin 3-arabinoside, quercetin 3-xyloside, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-pentoside and kaempferol 3-pentoside). Quantification of phenolic compounds was performed by HPLC-DAD, which revealed that the highest content of phenolics was found in May and July the quercetin 3-galactoside was always the major compound while 4-p-coumaroylquinic acid was the minor one. In addition, Franquette cultivars total phenolic content was the highest among all cultivars.

Keywords: Juglans regia L., total phenolics content, Phenolic profile, Walnut leaf, HPLC-DAD, HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS
 

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-011, January, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Veterinary Biosecurity Risk Associated with Avian Imports at Khartoum International Airport, Sudan

Ahmed Abdelgadir Berier¹ and Atif Elamin Abdelgadir²*

¹Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization (SSMO), Khartoum International Airport, Sudan.
²Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

Accepted 15 November, 2025

This study was aimed to assess the quality level of the Sudanese standards and risks associated with the importation of hatching eggs and day old chicks as well as the sanitary measures in place based on the international (OIE) standards. Data were collected from the Federal Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries (FMARF), the Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization (SSMO) and from World Animal Health Organization (OIE). For that purpose, risk assessment was used as described in Section 2 of the (OIE, 2009). The results showed that a total of (11,241,209) chicks, and (62,3070,30) layers and broilers hatching eggs were imported into the Sudan during the period 2005 to 2009 from 14 countries, which may comprise potential risk of introducing avian influenza (AI) and many other diseases into the country. In viewing the poultry health status in the exporting counties, the avian influenza is endemic in Egypt, which represented the main exporting country of the two commodities in 2005. In 2006, about 18.3% (out of 235,626 susceptible population) were infected with avian influenza (AI) and 43.2% (n = 101,814) were destroyed for the same reason. Moreover, the Sudanese standards of hatching eggs and day old chicks had not been set according to scientifically based risk estimations and the sanitary measures in place were less stringent to achieve the appropriate level of protection. Therefore, a multidisciplinary scientific risk analysis following OIE standards are recommended for the importation procedures and setting the Sudanese standards.

Key words: Hatching eggs, day old chicks, standards, importation, Sudan.
 

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Yield Response of 'Sorghum Speedfeed' to Foliar Application of Amino Acid and Seaweed-based Biostimulants

Asra Sadeghzade¹, Mehdi Tajbakhsh², Amir Jalili^3
1Department of Agricultural, Islamic Azad University, Khoy branch, Khoy, IRAN
²Department of Agricultural, Urmia University, Urmia, IRAN
³Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Urmia branch, Urmia, IRAN

Accepted 10 November, 2025

Sorghum Speedfeed is an annual grass that is extremely drought tolerant, making it an excellent choice for arid and dry areas. Sorghum Speedfeed has special adaptations to weather extremes and is a very stable source of nutrition as a result. This study was established for determining the effects of foliar application of Stimurel, Force 4-L and Dulzee on yield and yield components of Sorghum Speedfeed. A factorial experiment was carried out using Randomized Complete Bloke design with 4 replicates and 4 treatments in Saatlo Agricultural Research Center in Urmia, Iran. The results of data analysis showed that foliar application has significant effect on some characteristics such as panicle length, tiller number, crude fiber, fresh matter, and dry weight but no effect on height and thickness of plants.

Keywords: Foliar application, Sorghum Speedfeed, Stimurel, Force 4-L, Dulzee, yield
 

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 11 (5), pp. 001-015, May, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of Agricultural Practices and Agrochemical Use in the Lake Manyara Basin, Tanzania

Nonga, H. E.1,2*, Mdegela, R. H.1, Lie, E.2, Sandvik, M.3 and Skaare, J. U.2,3

1Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
2Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P. O. Box 8146, Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway.
3National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, 0106, Oslo, Norway.

Accepted 5th April, 2025

This study was conducted to assess farming practices, agrochemical usage and environmental pollution in Manyara basin, Tanzania. Field surveys, interviews, questionnaires and Lake Manyara nutrient analysis were used in data collection. The highest number (95%) of households grew crops, namely, maize, rice, banana and vegetables with median farm size of 3 ha. Irrigated farming was common (75%) which enhanced cultivation on same piece of land up to 6 times a year. Farmers indiscriminately used pesticides, namely, insecticides (50%), fungicides (37.5%) and herbicides (12.5%). Uses of endosulfan in vegetable farms poses public health threats to consumers. Most respondents (85%) applied insecticides in vegetables up to 4 times per cropping season. Excessive use of pesticides and haphazard disposal of pesticide remnants and containers caused environmental pollution. The average amount of acaricides used was 1109±915 ml (mean ± SD) per livestock keeper per month per. Most farmers (78%) used inorganic fertilizers and animal manure (43.4%). Low levels of ammonium (3.6±3.1 µg/L), nitrate (1±0.8µg/L) and phosphate (36.1±42 µg/L) were recorded in the lake. Easy access to agrochemicals, limited knowledge of pesticide on environmental health and limited extension services were factors for indiscriminate uses of agrochemicals. Increasing farmers awareness and training aimed at sustainable agriculture, agrochemical uses and integrated pest management is suggested.

Key words: Fertilizers, irrigation, pesticides, unsustainable agriculture, vegetables.
 

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 11 (5), pp. 001-012, May, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Optimizing Deficit Irrigation Strategies for Winter Wheat Using the AquaCrop Model in Arid Environments

Hamidreza Salemi1*, Mohd Amin Mohd Soom2, Teang Shui Lee1, Sayed Farhad Mousavi3, Arman Ganji4 and Mohd Kamil Yusoff5

1Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.
2Smart Farming Technology Laboratory, ITMA and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
3Department of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
4Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
5Department of Environmental Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Accepted 22 March, 2025

Simulation models that clarify the effects of water on crop yield, are useful tools for improving farm-level water management and optimizing water use efficiency. The main purpose of deficit irrigation is high water productivity with less water supply to plants. In this research, the potential of AquaCrop model in deficit irrigation practice for winter wheat, the main agronomic crop in Gavkhuni river basin, Isfahan province, Iran, was studied. The results of reliability indices such as RMSE, d, E, CRM and deviation percent were 2.31 to 5.63, 0.97 to 1.00, 93 to 99, -0.15 to 0.016 and -0.70 to 12.00% respectively, and showed that, the model overestimated the simulated parameters compared with field data. This difference was more obvious in deficit irrigation treatments. The model provided excellent simulations of canopy cover, grain yield and water productivity. Considering only drought stress and neglecting other stresses such as salinity is the most important limitation of AquaCrop model. In this study, water productivity for the studied crop was in the range of 0.91 to 1.49 kg m-3 and its maximum value was in 40% deficit irrigation treatment. A second-order, yield-water function, obtained in this study is recommended for winter wheat crop. Also, the sensitivity analysis of AquaCrop model was carried out for winter wheat in this arid area in central Iran.

Key words: Deficit irrigation, Winter wheat, grain yield, water productivity, AquaCrop model.
 

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 11 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Dynamics and Composition of Perennial Grass Bud Banks in Flooded Meadow Restoration: A Study in Songnen, China

Li Hai-yan and Yang Yun-fei*

Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.

Accepted 21 February, 2025

To describe the composition, size, temporal dynamics of bud banks of both perennial rhizomatous herbaceous Leymus chinensis and Carex duriuscula and to explore the contributions of bud banks to aboveground population persistence during the flooded restoration succession. Soil blocks 25 × 25 x 30 cm3 were sampled during two growing seasons from June to September. The total rhizome buds comprised the largest proportion of L. chinensis bud banks except for September of 2004 (juvenile tillers were the most). The top rhizome buds were the most of C. duriuscula bud banks. The percentages of total buds derived from tiller nodes and rhizomes of both species were nearly equal in the two-year study period. The productivity of L. chinensis and contribution of bud banks to population persistence were higher than those of C. duriuscula. Size of bud banks of L. chinensis was not significant between the end of two sampling seasons (1039.2 and 1232.0 buds/m2), and buds significantly decreased in C. duriuscula (1140.0 and 581.6 buds/m2). Over the two studied seasons, decreasing number of buds and low productivity as well as small contribution indicate that C. duriuscula which spread after flood event will be successively replaced by L. chinensis.

Key words: Bud bank, Carex duriuscula, Leymus chinensis, natural meadow, population persistence, restoration succession.