ISSN 2756-326X
Review
A review on heat and drought tolerance in coffee
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 2 (8), pp. 160-163, August, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Review
A review on heat and drought tolerance in coffee
*Daniel S. Mariga, Ngugu Chris Froome and Tegla F. Loroupe
Coffee Research Foundation, P.O. Box 4 – 00232, Ruiru, Kenya
E-mail: daniel_mariga@yahoo.com
Accepted 19 July, 2016
Abstract
Climatic variability is the main factor responsible for the fluctuations in the coffee yield in the world. The relationships between the climatic parameters and the agricultural production are quite complex, because environmental factors affect the growth and the development of plants under different forms during the phenological phases of the coffee crop. Such environmental factors include reduced rainfall and high temperatures both of which majorly contribute to drought. This paper briefly reviews some of the important aspects of drought and heat tolerance in coffee. It highlights the impacts of draught and high temperatures in coffee production, tolerance mechanisms, necessary interventions, selection challenges and current advances towards development of drought and heat tolerant coffee cultivars.
Keywords: Coffee, Water Stress, High Temperatures, Tolerance Mechanisms
Ngugu Chris Froome and Tegla F. Loroupe, *Daniel S. Mariga
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1025Research Article
Effect of organic manure cow dung and inorganic fertilizer N.P.K on the growth rate of maize
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 2 (8), pp. 156-159, August, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of organic manure cow dung and inorganic fertilizer N.P.K on the growth rate of maize
*Nwodoka F. Clement, Chukwuma C. Iyke and O. J. Camron
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja
E-mail: clem2009@yahoo.com
Accepted 11 July, 2016
Abstract
A Comparative study on the effect of organic manure (cow dung) and inorganic fertilizer (N.P.K) on the growth of maize (Zea Mays L.) was carried out at the University of Abuja, Biological science garden for a period of fourteen (14) weeks. A control was set up for this study. Maize plants treated with N. P.K fertilizer were significantly taller than those treated with cow dung and those of control. Mean number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weight were higher with N.P.K fertilizer but showed no significant difference (P>0.05) from those grown with cow dung manure. Growth indices of maize plants to which fertilizer N.P.K was applied showed no significant (P>0.05) increase than the cow dung. It is recommended that cow dung manure can be used in the absence of N.P.K fertilizer considering the cost and associated environmental effect of the later.
Keywords: Inorganic fertilizer, N.P.K, Organic manure, growth
Chukwuma C. Iyke and O. J. Camron, *Nwodoka F. Clement
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1024Research Article
An assessment on variation among genotypes of kersting’s groundnut in Northern Ghana
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 2 (7), pp. 149-155, July, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
An assessment on variation among genotypes of kersting’s groundnut in Northern Ghana
*Akosua G. Mensah, Abedi Dramani Gyan and Asamoah Marcel Yeboah
University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
E-mail: ag.mensah2@yahoo.com
Accepted 16 June, 2016
Abstract
A study was carried out on Kersting’s groundnut, which was collected from fourteen communities in Northern Ghana, to evaluate the growth and yield potential of sixteen genotypes having three seed colours white, black and mottled. Some growth parameters were taken, and among these parameters, only leaf area index showed significant differences among colour types (P<0.05) and genotypes (P<0.05). In general, white-coloured and mottled genotype seeds performed better than black seeded genotypes. Pod number and nodule number per plant were not significantly different among the genotypes. However, 100-seed weight and seed yield showed variation among colour types and also genotypes. Yields ranging from 192 to 688 kg/ha were obtained. The relatively good performance exhibited by white and mottled seeded genotypes and variation in yield offer opportunities for varietal improvement of the crop and required research attention.
Keywords: Kersting’s groundnut, Macrotyloma geocarpum, legume, growth, genotypes.
*Akosua G. Mensah, Abedi Dramani Gyan and Asamoah Marcel Yeboah
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1023Research Article
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 2 (7), pp. 143-148, July, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Impact of physio-chemical parameters of the used water on white tilapia Oreochromis niloticus mortality
Anigboro Bright Festus
Department of Plant Science and Applied Zoology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye
E-mail: ab.festus@yahoo.com
Accepted 10 June, 2016
Abstract
Acute and sub-acute toxicities of five plants’(Almond – Terminalia catappa, Pawpaw – Carica papaya, Neem – Azadirachta indica, Tobacco – Nicotiana tobacum and Cassava – Manihot esculenta) extracts on O. niloticus were conducted for 28 days to evaluate LC50s, fish behavior and heamatological indices of white tilapia in glass aquaria tanks. While the acute test lasted 48 hours, the sub-acute test lasted 28 days. The concentrations used for acute test were Almond = 15, 2.0, 2.5, 3.5 g/l, Cassava = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5 g/l, Neem = 0.5, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 g/l, Pawpaw = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 g/l, Tobacco = 0.25, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 g/l and a control (0.0 g/l), while those used for sub-acute tests were Almond= 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0 g/l, Cassava = 0.15, 0.2, 0.35, 0.45 g/l, Neem = 0.10, 0.20, 0.35, 0.50 g/l, Pawpaw = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 g/l, Tobacco = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 g/l and a control (0.0 g/l). The mean values for the 48-h LC50s of the different plants’ concentrations on O. niloticus were 0.83 g/l, N. tobaccum, 1.22 g/l M. esculenta, 1.64 g/l A. indica, 2.16 g/l C. papaya and 2.44 g/l T. catappa logarithmically. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in all the concentrations as mortality increased with time of exposure. The sub-acute test showed varied heamatological indices such as pcv, hb, tp, rbc, and glucose which were significantly different (P<0.05) and mcv, mch and mchc that were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the treatments. Also, fish became anaemic and stressful in the exposed plant botanicals and the severity was directly proportional to the active doses of each plant concentrations. The overall results showed the potency of the five botanicals in the order of tobacco>cassava>neem>pawpaw>almond.
Keywords: Acute, sub-acute, toxicity, plant botanicals, haematology.
Anigboro Bright Festus
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1022Research Article
Analytical study on the preservative effects of coffee pulp on smoked fish
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 2 (6), pp. 138-142, June, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Analytical study on the preservative effects of coffee pulp on smoked fish
Ogbuniyanga David-West1*, Micheal T.O1, Adewale G. Toheeb2 and Harrison N. Iyke2
1Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Oyo State, Nigeria
2AQUATECH Institutes of Agriculture and Fisheries Management, Oyo State, Nigeria
E-mail: david_west360@gmail.com
Accepted 20 May, 2016
Abstract
The antioxidative and antimicrobial effects of coffee pulp were investigated against rancidity (lipid oxidation) and microbial growth on smoked fish samples. About thirty kilogram’s (wet weight) of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were killed, gutted and immersed in 15% brine for a period of 4 minutes before smoking. The fishes were divided into three batches and exposed to three smoking sources (Electric cooker (Control), Dry coffee pulp smoke and firewood smoke) for about five hours at temperature range of 80 – 900C. The three smoked fish samples were then kept differently in high densed polythene bag and kept for twenty-one days. Significantly lower values than the control were obtained for Trimethylamine, Thiobabituric acid and Peroxide values in both Coffee and charcoal smoked fish samples. During the second week, a well pronounced antioxidative effect of coffee pulp was noticed both control and firewood smoked samples. Higher preference (Physical) was shown for coffee smoked sample, as coffee aroma characterized the sample when exposed to air. Mould growth was most delayed in the coffee smoked sample till about fifteen days of storage. Fillet cut from the Coffee and firewood smoked samples were still appreciable when tasted. No repulsive odour was detected in coffee smoked sample. Coffee pulp therefore has potential antioxidative effect on rancidity in smoked fish and could also be used to flavor smoked fish products
Keywords: Coffee pulp, Rancidity, Fillet, Antioxidative, Antimicrobial.
Ogbuniyanga David-West*, Micheal T.O, Adewale G. Toheeb and Harrison N. Iyke
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1021Research Article
Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 2 (6), pp. 133-137, June, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effectiveness of sunshine organic fertilizer, organmineral fertilizer and mineral fertilizer on soil nutrients, growth and yield of Maize
Babatunde S. A*, Ovigwe H. Ernest and Howard C. kelvin
Adeyemi College of Education, Department of Agricultural Science, PMB 520, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
E-mail: segun.baba23@ymail.com
Accepted 10 May, 2016
Abstract
Many Researchers have shown that neither mineral fertilizers nor organic manures are a panacea for soil fertility management in Nigeria. This has led to the innovation of organomineral fertilizer which combines the attribute of both mineral and organic fertilizers. Field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to compare the effect of industrial manufactured organic (OG) fertilizer and organomineral fertilizer (OMF) at the rate of 0, 2.5 and 10t/ha; and NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer (NPK) at the rate of 300kg/ha on soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake, growth and yield of maize in Ondo, Southwestern Nigeria. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete Block Design with four replications and with plots size of 5m×5m. Compared with control, OG, OMF and NPK fertilizers significantly (P <0.05) increased plant N,P, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn Also compared with control, Organic fertilizer (OM), Organomineral fertilizer (OMF) and NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer at all rates significantly increased (P <0.05) maize plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, Stover yield, root dry matter and grain yield. The percent increases in cumulative grain yield were 5t/ha OMF (68.31), 2.5t/ha OMF (60.21), 10t/ha OMF (38.72), 10t/ha OG (49.65) 300kg/ha NPK (12.13), 5t/ha OG (9.51), 2.5t/ha OG (5.63) compared with control. Organic and organomineral fertilizers at low level of application could be used to increase plant nutrients as well as maize production in south western Nigeria.
Keywords: Stover yield, macronutrient, micronutrient, cumulative effect, soil.
Babatunde S. A*, Ovigwe H. Ernest and Howard C. kelvin
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAAS/1020