International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 11 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Darfurian cows' postpartum interval: Effects of breed, BCS, parity, and season

Mohamed Yousif Abdalla and Adil Salim Elsheikh

Department of Reproduction and Obstetrics Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Khartoum, Shambat P. O. Box 32.

Accepted 13 March, 2023

Abstract

The present study was designed to determine the length of postpartum interval (PPI) of some local Sudanese cows in South Darfur State namely Fellata, Kenana and cross bred cows (Kenana × Friesian). Furthermore the influence of body condition score (BCS) and parity on PPI was also investigated. In experiment 1 a total of 59 dairy cows that gave birth were employed to determine the length of PPI. The parity range of these cows was 1 to 5. Their BCS range was 2.5 to 4.The cows were grouped according to their breed into three groups. Group I was Kenana (n = 21), group II was Fellata (n = 17) and group III was cross-bred (n = 21).The PPI was recorded as the time elapse from parturition to the appearance of the first oestrous postpartum. The pure local cows of Fellata and Kenana had a significantly (p<0.001) longer PPI compared to cross- bred cows. The mean length of PPI of Kenana, Fellata and cross-bred cows were 286.9 ± 35.3, 246.3 ± 26.6 and 122.0 ±14.9 days respectively. No difference (p>0.05) in the PPI were found between Kenana and Fellata cows. Slight negative relation (R = 0.2) between BCS and the PPI was observed and parity did not influence PPI (R = 0.005), Experiment II was designed to study the influences of season on the PPI of the above mentioned cows. The PPI was compared among three groups of cows that gave birth in three different seasons. Group I was 18 cows that gave birth in summer (Kenana = 7, Fellata = 4 and cross-bred =7). Group II was 19 cows that gave birth in autumn (Kenana = 9, Fellata = 6 and cross-bred = 4) and group III was 31 cows gave birth in winter (Kenana = 13, Fellata = 11 and cross-bred = 7). The BCS and parity of these cows were similar to those of the above experiments. The results of this experiment showed that PPI of cross-bred cows was significantly ((p<0.001) shorter in summer. No difference (p>0.05) in the PPI of cross-bred cows that gave birth in autumn and winter was found. Neither the PPI of Kenana nor that of Fellata cows were influenced by the season (P>0.05). It is concluded that the Kenana and Fellata cows have a similarly long PPI that would not be influenced by season whereas the cross-bred cows have a short PPI which is influenced by summer only. Additionally BCS has slight influence on the PPI while parity has no effect on it.

Keywords: Cow, postpartum, breed, BCS, parity, season.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 11 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Chlorpyrifos exposure during pregnancy and its effects on implantation and neonatal mice

S. F. Ambali¹*, S. O. Abbas¹, M. Shittu¹, T. Dzenda¹, M. U. Kawu¹, S. O. Salami² and J. O. Ayo¹

¹Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

²Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Accepted 23 March, 2023

Abstract

Exposure to some organophosphate (OP) compounds during pregnancy has been associated with adverse health consequence on both the mother and the offspring. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) during gestation on implantation and on some neonatal parameters in mice. Twenty one virgin Swiss albino mice divided into 3 groups of 7 mice each served as subjects for this study. Mice in group 1 were dosed with corn oil (control), while those in groups 2 and 3 were exposed to CPF at a dose of 15.9 mg/kg (~15% LD ₅₀) and 21.2 mg/kg (~20% LD₅₀), respectively. All the dams were dosed between gestation days (GD) 6 - 15 and monitored for signs of toxicity and gestation length. At birth, the litter size and weight, and the anogenital distance of the pups were measured. The pups were evaluated for physical characteristics and death. The dams were sacrificed at postnatal day 22, and the uterine horns evaluated for number of implantation sites. The results showed a significant decrease in the litter size and weight, and anogenital distance in pups exposed to CPF in utero compared to the control. In addition, all the pups prenatally exposed to CPF were born weak and died few days postpartum. A dose-dependent increase in percentage post-implantation loss was observed in mice dosed with CPF. In conclusion, exposure of pregnant mice to CPF caused increased gestation length, and postimplantation loss, decreased litter size and weight, survivability and anogenital distance.

Key words: Chlorpyrifos, implantation, gestation length, anogenital distance, litter size, weight, mice.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 11 (4), pp. 001-012, April, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Asthma and pregnancy: Coexisting and Comorbid Conditions

Sandra N. Gonzalez-Diaz¹*, Claudia I. Gallego Corella², Gabriela Galindo Rodríguez², Lucia Leal Villarreal², Alfredo Arias Cruz² and José Antonio Buenfil López²

¹Head and professor of Regional Centre of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Monterrey, Mexico.

²Professor of Allergy and Clinical Immunlogy, Regional Centre of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Monterrey, Mexico.

Accepted 03 December, 2022

Abstract

Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disorder to complicate pregnancy. Epidemiologically the females are 10% more likely than males to be diagnosed as having asthma in their lifetime. Asthma has been reported to affect 3.7 to 8.4 percent of pregnant women, and higher than 12% in women between 18-24 years. Asthma is considered the most common serious medical problem that could complicate pregnancy. During pregnancy the severity of asthma often changes, hence the patients need close follow up and monitoring exacerbations. The focus of asthma treatment in pregnant women is achieved the control of symptoms and maintenance of normal lung function. Poorly controlled of asthma can have an adverse effect on the fetus, resulting in increased perinatal mortality, increased prematurity and low birth weight. Acute exacerbations should be treatment aggressively in order to avoid fetal hypoxia. Treatment should include supplement oxygen, β-2 agonist and systemic corticosteroids. The evidence suggests that the risks of uncontrolled asthma are greater than any known risks from medication. The overall perinatal prognosis for children born to women with asthma that is well-controlled during pregnancy is comparable to that for children born to women without asthma.

Keywords:  asthma, pregnancy, pregnant medication, delivery, fetal growth, fetal risk.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 11 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Relationships between pregnant women's body image and their decision to continue breastfeeding after giving birth

Chiejina EN* and Odira CC

Department of Nursing Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State.

Accepted 08 October, 2022

Abstract

The study examined the correlates of body image among pregnant women and their decision to breastfeed after childbirth. The population of the study was prenatal women in their third trimester selected from three Hospitals and one Health Centre in Anambra State of Nigeria, and the sample size was 200. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire on Body Image and Decision to Breastfeed (QBIDBF). Mean scores, standard deviation (SD) and Spearman Rank Correlation co-efficient (rho) were used to answer the research questions while Wilcoxon Rank Sum test statistics was adopted in testing the null hypotheses at 0.01 Level of significance. The result indicated significant correlation between pregnant women’s body image and the body satisfaction they derive from decision to breastfeed. Social influence and residential location were found to have significant impact on expectant women’s body image with regard to their decision to breastfeed. It also showed that marital status of pregnant women was not significantly related to their body image with regard to their decision to breastfeed.

Keywords: Body image, Body satisfaction, Marital status, Residential location, Social influence, Pregnant women, Decision to breastfeed.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 11 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Access to postnatal care in rural regions being improved by community-health workers: field project report

Garba M. Ashir¹*, Mustapha G. Modu¹, Babagana Bako², Mustapha Bello¹, Adamu I. Rabasa¹, Alhaji M. Arab¹, Yusuf A. Yusufari³, Eric E. Amuah³, Mohammed Liman⁴, Baaba B Hafsat⁵

¹Department of Paediatric, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

³PRRINN-MNCH Program, Damaturu, Yobe state Nigeria.

⁴State Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe state, Nigeria.

⁵Department of O&G, State Specialist Hospital Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State.

Accepted 16 January, 2023

Abstract

Access to quality postnatal care (PNC) services remain poor in Nigeria. According to the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, the national coverage of PNC visits was only 44% and more than 70% of mother’s who give birth at home do not see any healthcare provider during the postnatal period at all. Community-based intervention aimed testing the impact of integrated maternal newborn and child health (MNCH) outreach services by community health extension worker (CHEW). A community-CHEW partnership was formed. Serials of competency-based training on essential of newborn care were given to the CHEW. The impact of this model on PNC was evaluated. Significantly more intervention newborns received PNC by CHEWs within 48hrs of birth and at least 3 PNC visits during the first week of life [89% Vs 5%; p=0.00 and 94% Vs 11%;p=0.00 respectively]. Similarly, treatment and referral percentages for neonatal sepsis is significantly high in the intervention group [20% Vs 6%; p=0.00 and 38% Vs 0%; p=0.00 respectively]. Community Health Extension Worker-driven outreach was successful in improving the PNC coverage of a vulnerable group of remote newborns. The partnership model is easily adapted to our primary health system.

Keywords: Community-Health Worker, Postnatal Care, Nigeria.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 11 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A 3-year study on the treatment of ectopic pregnancy at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano, Nigeria

Yakasai IA, Abdullahi J and Abubakar IS

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Bayero University Kano/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, Nigeria

Accepted 27 January, 2023

Abstract

Ectopic Pregnancy is one of the commonest causes of first trimester maternal death. In addition subsequent morbidity including reproductive challenges can be distressing. The risk of severe morbidity and mortality is related to gestational sac rupture. The study aimed to evaluate the pattern of presentation and management of ectopic pregnancy in our hospital as well as identify challenges and proffer suggestions to improve overall patient care. A retrospective review of the case records of women who had emergency laparotomy based on a clinical diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in our department between 1^st November 2008 and 31^st October 2011 was done. Ectopic pregnancy represented 4.26% of all deliveries, 5.55% of all gynaecologic admissions and 26.01% of all gynaecological surgeries. The mean age of the patients was 27.8 years with a range of 15-41years. The highest frequency occurred in the 25-34 year age groups (61.39%). The commonest presenting symptoms were abdominal pain in 98 (97.03%), amenorrhoea in 74 (73.27%) and vaginal bleeding in 65(64.36%). Thirteen patients (12.87%) presented in shock had prompt resuscitation and surgery. The main site of occurrence was tubal 89 (88.12%) and all patients had laparotomy. Salpingectomy was done in 87 (86.14%) while 1 (0.99%) each had “milking out” and linear salpingostomy respectively. Excision and reconstruction was done for the 5 (4.95%) women with ovarian pregnancies. Laparotomy was negative in 5 (4.95%) of the women and only 2 (1.98%) had a diagnostic laparoscopy prior to laparotomy. The majority of the surgery was done by the senior resident (67.33%), followed by the Registrar (29.70%) and the consultant (2.97%). Eighty six (85.15%) of the surgeries were done during call hours. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy is the main mode of presentation in our setting and laparotomy with salpingectomy is the main stay of management. However, majority of the women are haemodynamically stable at presentation and operative laparoscopy could have been a viable alternative.

Keywords: Ectopic Pregnancy, Laparotomy, Laparoscopy, Salpingectomy, Kano.