International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN: 2326-7234 Vol.  3 (1) pp. 056-058, March, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Predominance of contamination with Nisseria Gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia Trachomatis in ladies guests of gynecology and obstetrics facilities in Zanjan Province of Iran

*Babak M. Amanpour, Reza Kiarostami and Mehran Makhmalbaf

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Microbiology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: aman.p2010@yahoo.com

Accepted 25 February, 2015

Abstract 

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are two of the major causes of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in many countries. There is little information about the prevalence of STIs in Zanjan Province of Iran. This study determines the prevalence of CT and NG cervical infection in women visitors of gynecology and obstetrics clinics in Zanjan. In this descriptive study, three hundred and twenty eight vaginal samples were collected from women referred to gynecology and obstetrics clinics in Zanjan, Iran from 1 to 29 April, 2009. NG was diagnosed by direct Gram staining and inoculation on modified Thayer Martin (MTM) agar with final identification, using commercial API NH kit and CT. This was done measuring serum IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis by commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Prevalence of recent chlamydia and gonorrhea cervical infections at enrollment was 10.3 and 0.9%, respectively. Among sexual risk behaviors, only education was significantly associated with incident of CT. Variables not associated with the risk of CT cervical infection included age, method of contraception and number of sexual partners. These findings emphasize conduction of comprehensive and scheduled program of prevalence survey, aimed at reducing prevalence rate of STIs in the entire Zanjan.

Key word: Neisseria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), prevalence.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN: 2326-7234 Vol. 2 (3), pp. 045-051, March, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of povidone Iodine 10% versus 7.5% hand scrub in cesarean section wound infections: A prospective trial

Ahmed Yehia Abdel Badee,* Mohammed Khairy Ali, Ahmed Mohammed Abbas and Sherif Abd-Elkarim Mohammed Shazly

Woman's Health Center, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: aboyehia@yahoo.com

Accepted 10 October, 2013

Abstract

Evaluate the efficiency of hand scrubbing by povidone-Iodine solution 10% over 7.5% concentration in decreasing post-cesarean section wound infections. Applying a double blinded randomized controlled trial, the surgical team in maternity ward of Assiut University Woman’s Health Center scrubbed using povidone-Iodine solution 10% before doing 1574 cesarean sections and by 7.5% before doing 1657 cesarean sections. The number of surgical site infection (post cesarean sections septic wounds) and adverse effects of the scrubbing solution occurring to surgical team members were recorded and compared in both groups. A total of 3231 women were included in the study in 2 groups (povidone-Iodine solution 10% before cesarean sections n= 1574, povidone-Iodine solution 7.5% before cesarean sections n=1657). Post cesarean sections septic wounds occurred with povidone-Iodine solution 10% (n=3) less than with 7.5% (n=12, P = 0.026). While contact dermatitis occurred with povidone-Iodine solution 10% (n=6) more than with 7.5% (n=2, P = 0.136). Povidone-Iodine solution 10% is more efficient than 7.5% as a hand scrub in terms of less post cesarean section septic wounds but it causes more contact dermatitis.

Key words: Betadine, povidone Iodine, hand scrubbing, cesarean section wound infections, hygiene. 

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN: 2326-7234 Vol. 2 (3), pp. 052-055, March, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characteristics of women presenting for induced abortion in a Medical College Hospital in North Kerala

Smitha Sreenivas K, Uma Devi N and Pratheesh Rajendran

Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: smithaprashanth05@gmail.com

Accepted 14 February, 2014

Abstract

Unintended pregnancies lead women to obtain induced abortion which may result in maternal morbidity and mortality. An awareness of their characteristics help identify women in particular need of services and counseling to prevent unplanned pregnancy. A hospital based prospective study was carried out for a period of 9 months from January 1, 2012 to September 30, 2012 where 150 women requesting for medical termination of pregnancy were enrolled. Data was collected using a pre-structured questionnaire and examined age, marital status and number of live born children, educational status, monthly family income, religion, trimester and gestational age of pregnancy and indication and method of termination. Data was presented as frequency and percentages of pregnancies terminated. Majority occurred among women aged 21-24years. Married women obtained 94% of abortions. Most of the patients had 3 prior live births (45.3%). 55.3% had education up to only tenth class and had low monthly family income (71.3%) and came in the first trimester (77.3%). In 48% indication for MTP was contraceptive failure, 48% could be offered medical abortion. All second trimester MTP responded to medical management. Lack of effective contraceptive measures was the major factor for unintended pregnancies. Effective counseling and availability of contraceptives would decrease induced abortions.

Key words: Induced abortion, effective contraception, unintended pregnancy, nullipara, trimester.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ISSN: 2326-7234 Vol. 2 (1), pp. 032-039, January, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Male condom: Knowledge and practice among undergraduates of a tertiary institution in Nigeria

*Akpan U.B, **Ekott M.I and **Udo A.E

*Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

**Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: mekotts@yahoo.com 

Accepted 29 October, 2013

Abstract

University students represent a sexually active segment of the Nigerian population. Their acceptance of male condom would help to reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV. This study was conducted to determine the level of awareness and utilization of male condom among the undergraduate students of a tertiary institution in Nigeria. In this descriptive survey, a multi stage sampling was used to select 500 students for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information about their sexual behaviour, perceived and actual knowledge as well as utilization. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for demographic variables while categorical data were explored using Chi square test. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. Majority of the respondents (54.4%) were age 21-25 years. All respondents were knowledgeable about male condom. The main source of information was mass media (45.2%). The main reason for using male condom was for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases/HIV (65.03%). The rate of consistent condom use was 36.4% and 52.63% with steady and casual partners respectively. Age and marital status were positively associated with better knowledge of condom (P<0.001 & P = 0.039 respectively). Religious affiliation did not significantly influence knowledge of condom (P = 0.238). Although awareness of condom use has increased, there is a wide gap between its knowledge and practice.

Key words: Condom, awareness, sexual partner, HIV-AIDS, consistent use.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol. 1 (1), pp. 007-009, September, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Women living with obstetric fistula and nurses’ role in preventive measures

Devkumari Shrestha Rai

B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, College of Nursing, Dharan, Nepal.

E-mail: devkumari@hotmail.com. Tel: 00977025525555/ 2084. Fax: 00977025520251.

Accepted 27 July, 2013

Abstract

Obstetric fistula is a devastating and preventable tragedy that primarily affects young, poor women who lack the means to access quality maternal care. Women living with fistula are constantly wet from the leaking of urine and often experience genital ulceration, infections and a humiliating odor. About 20% of women with fistula also develop unilateral or bilateral foot drop that limits their day-to-day activities. They are typically shunned by their partners, families and communities because they are considered unclean, and many live in nearly complete isolation. Without financial support, many women with fistula are forced to beg for their living, and they are especially vulnerable to malnutrition and violence.

Key words: Women, living with, obstretic fistula, preventive measure.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol. 1 (2), pp. 015-019, October, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Abnormal blood pressure and hyperandrogenemia in first degree relatives of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome referring to gynecology clinics of Shiraz Medical University

Akbarzadeh M*¹, Moradi F², Dabbaghmanesh MH³, zare N⁴ and Parsanezhed ME⁵

¹Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Fatemeh (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

² Midwifery, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

³Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

⁴Department of Biostatistics, Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Shiraz, Iran.

⁵ Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 

*Corresponding author. Email: akbarzadehmarzieh@yahoo.com

Accepted 30 September, 2013

Abstract

In women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), increased prevalence of hypertension and abnormal androgen status is common. The study investigated the degree of hypertension (BP) and hyperandrogenemia in the first degree relatives of women with (PCOS) referred to a clinic affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. This is a case-control study in which 107 first degree relatives of women with (PCOS) as case group and 107 individuals as control group were interviewed. Then, the first part of a questionnaire including demographic information was filled in, and the blood pressure measurements and blood samples were obtained to evaluate the serum levels of androgens. The data were analyzed through Chi-square. All statistical tests had 95% confidence intervals and alpha coefficient of 0.05. There was a statistically significant relationship between the mean BP of the experimental and control groups (p≤0.001) but no significant relationship was observed among the brothers. The mean testosterone in the experimental groups was significantly higher than the controls (p≤0.001). Testosterone levels in the parents of the experimental group than control group but no significant relationship between them (p≥0.05). The first degree relatives of women with (PCOS) are probably exposed to the risk of high BP and hyperandrogenemia. Screening for hypertension and other risk factors related to increased androgen (Hyperlipidemia, glucose tolerance, etc.) is essential.

Key words: Hypertension, hyperandrogenemia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hyperlipidemia, androgen.