International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN: 2736-1594 Vol. 10 (9), pp. 001-026, September, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The role of anemia in term and preterm pregnancies: Evidence from the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP)

Clara Cooper¹, Kelvin Smith², Larry Williamsᶾ*

Affiliations:

1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jundiaí School of Medicine, Jundiaí, Brazil
3. Centre for Studies in Reproductive Health of Campinas (CEMICAMP)

Correspondingauthor:

Maria Laura Costa, MD, PhD

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP)

Rua Alexander Fleming 101, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-881, Brazil

Phone number: +55 (19) 3521-9482; Email address: clara_cooper@gmail.com

Abstract

Purpose: Evaluate prevalence of anemia in term and preterm pregnancies and compare maternal and perinatal outcomes.Methods: Secondary analysis of Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP). Cross sectional study on preterm births,with sample of term births. Analysis compared prevalence of anemia in term and preterm births and among their types (spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM), or provider initiatedpreterm birth (piPTB)) and between women with anemia in both groups. Multivariate analysis to identify conditions that independently associated to anemia in term and preterm groups was performed. Results:Study included 3716 preterm and 1048 term births. Prevalence of anemia was 33.23% and 27.74% in preterm and term pregnancies respectively. Anemia was higher among the pPROM group (36.3%, p=0.029). Multivariate analysis showed association with anemia and living area in term group (p= 0.001), urinary tract infection in sPTB and piPTB group (p<0.001), neonatal morbidity (p= 0.001), inadequate number of prenatal care visits (p= 0.009) in pPROM group. Conclusion: Anemia was associated with poor maternal education, children below 5 years, late onset of prenatal care and less than six medical visits. Also, was more prevalent in preterm births.

Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, preterm birth, antenatal care, adverse neonatal outcomes

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 10 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Metabolic and inflammatory consequences in women using selected methods of contraception

Ayodele A. Adelakun^1*, Isaac O. Adediji¹, Adeolu S. Oluremi¹, John O. Imaralu², Temitope O. Olusanya¹, Olufemi J. Idowu³, Oyejide A. Olaniyan⁴, Peace I. Olawoore⁵, Victoria Adediji¹, Oluwapelumi Alake¹, Tomisin Onakoya¹, Atinuke Ojo-Rowland¹, and Opeyemi Sule¹.

¹Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria

³Department of Chemical Pathology, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria

⁴Department of Chemical Pathology, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

⁵Department of Chemical Pathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

Accepted 11th August, 2022. 

Abstract

Hormonal contraception is associated with increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases in women. We therefore studied the effect of different methods of contraception on insulin resistance and an inflammation biomarker. A total of ninety women were recruited - 25 implant contraceptive (IMC) users, 25 injectable contraceptives (INC) users, 10 oral contraceptive (OC) users and 10 intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) users, 20 non contraceptive users who served as controls. Anthropometric measurements were made and blood samples were collected for the determination of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), while Homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. We observed a significantly decreased HOMA-IR and serum insulin, in the IMC, INC and OC groups compared with the control. There was also significantly elevated waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and diastolic blood pressure in the test groups compared with the controls. In implants users, hsCRP showed a significant positive correlation with WC and FPG. In injectable users, hsCRP showed a significant positive correlation with BMI and WC. This study showed decreased serum insulin concentration among women using hormonal contraceptives and an association between serum hsCRP level and Waist circumference in them. 

Key words: Contraception, Insulin resistance, anthropometric variables, inflammatory markers. 

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 10 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Observations on antifertility and abortifacient herbal drugs

Ghulam Mujtaba Shah¹, Mir Ajab Khan¹, Dr.Mushtaq Ahmad¹, Muhammad Zafar^1* and Aftab Ahmed Khan²

¹Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan.

²COMSATS, Institute of IT, Abbottabad, Pakistan.

Accepted 14 April, 2022

Abstract

This communication presents first hand information gathered on 36 medicinal plants belonging to 23 families traditionally used by the tribal and rural women of northern areas of North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan for birth control. Study provides information on local names, mode of administration and dosages as `practiced by rural and tribal women. Most effective plant species to induce abortion include: Artemisia maritime L., Boerhavaia diffusa Auct. Plur., Buddleja asiatica Lour, Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh, Justacia adhatod L., Ricinus communis L., Zingiber officinale Roscol., Daucus crota L., Momordica charantia L., Plumbago zeylanica L., Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., Plantago ovata Forssk, Tanacetum vulgare and Arctium lappa L. The most widely used contraceptives are: Amaranthus viridis L., Achyranthes aspera L., Ricinus communis L., Mentha arvensis L., Nepeta cataria L., Cuscuta reflexa Roxb., Curcuma longa L., Foeniculum vulgare Miller., Butea monosperma (Lam.) O. Kze., Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth., Ficus religosa L. and Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. The tribal population of the region primarily depends upon these plants for family planning. They use herbal drugs to induce abortion and as contraceptives. Further studies on chemical and pharmacological actions are suggested to validate the claims.

Key words: Phytotherapeutic claims, abortifacients, contraceptives.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 10 (8), pp. 001-003, August, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Live birth by fallopian tube sperm perfusion in hyperprolactinemic woman after failed in vitro-fertilization

Adesanya O. A.^1,3*, Shittu L. A. J.^1,2, Oyewopo A. O.^1,4, Babalola O. S.^1,2, Jewo I.² and Ashiru O._A.1,2

¹ Medical ART Center, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

² Department of Anatomy Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Lagos, Nigeria.

³Department of Anatomy, Igbinedion University Okada Edo State, Nigeria.

⁴ Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 25 October, 2021

Abstract

The case presented describes a live birth following treatment of a 35-year-old woman with fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FTSP) using donor sperm after three-repeated unsuccessful courses of In-vitro fertilization (IVF) with Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA), Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE), and donor sperm. The indication of FTSP is hereby explored and discussed.

Key words: Male infertility, intrauterine insemination, hyper-prolactinemia, azoospermia, donor sperm, Lagos.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 10 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Reproductive performance of rabbits fed maize-milling waste based diets

F.O. Ajayi¹, O.O. Balogun², S.S. Ovuru¹ and O.O. Mgbere¹

¹Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science & Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

²Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Accepted 22 February, 2021

Abstract

The influence of maize-milling waste on the reproductive performance of rabbits was assessed. The treatments comprised of autoclaved and unautoclaved maize-milling waste, groundnut cake/maize meal diets formulated with 0 (I), 25 (II), 50 (III), 75 (IV) and 100% (V) replacement of maize with maize-milling waste. Each of the diets contains 18% crude protein and was unpelleted. There were two parity periods and the duration was 15 weeks. In the first parity period, the conception rates were 33.33, 100, 75, 66.66 and 75% for treatments I, II, III, IV and V, respectively, while the second parity conceptions rates were 50, 75 and 50% for treatments II, III and IV, respectively. No conceptions were observed for treatments I and V. The first breeding trials had abortion rates of 50 and 25% for treatments II and V, respectively. Autoclaved maize-milling waste was used for the second breeding trials. Autoclaving maize milling waste was observed to improve the nutritional value of the diets and neither abortion nor still births were seen for the second parity period. Therefore, simple diet comprising maize-milling waste and groundnut cake can support normal growth and reproduction of rabbits for meat production.

Key words: Rabbits, maize-milling waste, reproduction.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 10 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effect of adding hyoscine to vaginal misoprostol on shortening the time of abortion induction

Ezzatalsadat Haji Seid Javadi¹, Samira Ghaffari¹, Farideh Movahed¹*, Amir Javadi¹ and Omid Mashrabi²

¹Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

²General Medicine, Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Accepted 12 November, 2021

Abstract

Induced abortion is the termination of pregnancy by medical or surgical methods before the fetus’ viability. Available evidences show that due to spasmolytic effects, use of Hyoscine with Misoprostol may reduce the pain during abortion induction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Misoprostol in combination with Hyoscine compared with Misoprostol alone in reducing the duration of abortion induction. In a clinical trial at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences on 126 pregnant women with gestational age below 20 weeks elected for abortion, the effect of Misoprostol in combination with Hyoscine compared with Misoprostol alone was evaluated in reducing the duration of abortion induction. The mean duration of abortion induction in Misoprostol with Hyoscine represented statistically significant decrease compared with Misoprostol (653.38 ± 80.386 min, with 726.29 ± 64.56 min) (P ≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics, including maternal age, gestational age, gravidity, parity and history of abortion between the two study groups, and the two groups were homogeneous. Duration of abortion induction (p < 0.001), the rate of vaginal bleeding (p < 0.001), and the rate of hemoglobin deficiency (p = 0.002) in the group receiving Misoprostol suppositories and Hyoscine was significantly lower than in the group receiving Misoprostol suppositories alone. The need for analgesics in the group receiving Misoprostol suppositories and Hyoscine was significantly less than in the group receiving Misoprostol suppositories alone (p < 0.001). Finally, results of this study showed that adding 20 mg Hyoscine intra venous to vaginal Misoprostol is effective in significantly reducing the duration of the abortion induction, getting less pain killers, less vaginal bleeding and less decrease in hemoglobin changes.

Key words: Vaginal misoprostol, hyoscine, induction of abortion.