International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Postpartum interval of Darfurian cows: Influences of breed, BCS, parity and season

Mohamed Yousif Abdalla and Adil Salim Elsheikh

Department of Reproduction and Obstetrics Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Khartoum, Shambat P. O. Box 32.

Accepted 13 January, 2019

Abstract

The present study was designed to determine the length of postpartum interval (PPI) of some local Sudanese cows in South Darfur State namely Fellata, Kenana and cross bred cows (Kenana × Friesian). Furthermore the influence of body condition score (BCS) and parity on PPI was also investigated. In experiment 1 a total of 59 dairy cows that gave birth were employed to determine the length of PPI. The parity range of these cows was 1 to 5. Their BCS range was 2.5 to 4.The cows were grouped according to their breed into three groups. Group I was Kenana (n = 21), group II was Fellata (n = 17) and group III was cross-bred (n = 21).The PPI was recorded as the time elapse from parturition to the appearance of the first oestrous postpartum. The pure local cows of Fellata and Kenana had a significantly (p<0.001) longer PPI compared to cross- bred cows. The mean length of PPI of Kenana, Fellata and cross-bred cows were 286.9 ± 35.3, 246.3 ± 26.6 and 122.0 ±14.9 days respectively. No difference (p>0.05) in the PPI were found between Kenana and Fellata cows. Slight negative relation (R = 0.2) between BCS and the PPI was observed and parity did not influence PPI (R = 0.005), Experiment II was designed to study the influences of season on the PPI of the above mentioned cows. The PPI was compared among three groups of cows that gave birth in three different seasons. Group I was 18 cows that gave birth in summer (Kenana = 7, Fellata = 4 and cross-bred =7). Group II was 19 cows that gave birth in autumn (Kenana = 9, Fellata = 6 and cross-bred = 4) and group III was 31 cows gave birth in winter (Kenana = 13, Fellata = 11 and cross-bred = 7). The BCS and parity of these cows were similar to those of the above experiments. The results of this experiment showed that PPI of cross-bred cows was significantly ((p<0.001) shorter in summer. No difference (p>0.05) in the PPI of cross-bred cows that gave birth in autumn and winter was found. Neither the PPI of Kenana nor that of Fellata cows were influenced by the season (P>0.05). It is concluded that the Kenana and Fellata cows have a similarly long PPI that would not be influenced by season whereas the cross-bred cows have a short PPI which is influenced by summer only. Additionally BCS has slight influence on the PPI while parity has no effect on it.

Keywords: Cow, postpartum, breed, BCS, parity, season.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Grand multiparity: Its impact on maternal and fetal outcome at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Oluwasomidoyin Olukemi Bello

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 21 January, 2019 

Abstract

High parity is associated with serious consequences to the fetus, mother, family, and the society. This study aimed at determining current situation in adverse fetal and maternal outcomes among grand multiparous women at University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. A five year retrospective study of grand multiparous women presented at UCH, Ibadan. Information was extracted from their medical records using a structured proforma. Data were entered and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Of the 11, 699 births during the study period, medical records of 153 grand multiparous (GMP) women were retrieved and analyzed.  Mean age was 35.63±3.91 years and prevalence of grand multiparity was 1.4%.  Majority, 114 (74.5%) were unbooked. Anemia 72 (47.1%) was the commonest antenatal complication and over half 89 (58.2%) of them had caesarean delivery with majority 69 (77.5%) performed as emergencies. Among their babies, 38 (24.8%) were stillbirth and 24 (15.7%) were admitted into special care baby unit (SCBU). Antepartum haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, postpartum hemorrhage, caesarean delivery, stillbirth, low birth weight and SCBU admission were  maternal and fetal  complications associated with the booking status of the study population  p<0.05. In conclusion, prevalence of grand multiparity was low and confirms downward trend in Nigeria but almost all the complications were seen more in the unbooked women. Even though there was no maternal mortality, there were fetal mortality indicating GMP women are still liable to the serious complications of pregnancy, which can lead to higher maternal morbidity and fetal morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is need to educate women on these complications and promote family planning with small family size.

Keywords: grand multiparity, stillbirth, caesarean delivery, anemia, postpartum hemorrhage

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Method of birth in nulliparous women with single, cephalic, term pregnancies: The WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health, 2004 – 2008

Margo S Harrison¹, Ana Pilar Betrán², Joshua P Vogel^2,3, Robert L Goldenberg⁴ and A Metin Gülmezoglu²

¹University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

²UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction.

³Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

⁴Maternal and Child Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.

⁵Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA.

Accepted 06 February, 2019

Abstract

To determine risk factors associated with cesarean birth in nulliparous women with single, cephalic, term pregnancies in spontaneous labor, also known as the Robson Group 1 population. We used the facility-based, multi-country, cross-sectional WHO Global Survey of Maternal and Perinatal Health conducted in 2004 – 2008 to examine the association between woman-, labor/obstetric-, and facility-level characteristics and cesarean birth among Robson Group 1 women using adjusted bivariate comparisons and multivariable logistic regression. We analyzed outcomes of 82,280 women in Robson Group 1, 82% of whom gave birth vaginally (67,698 women) and 18% of whom gave birth by primary cesarean (14,578 women). In adjusted analyses, woman-level factors associated with cesarean birth included age greater than 18 years old, above-normal body mass index (overweight or obese), being married or cohabitating, having attended four or more prenatal visits, and being medically high-risk (p < 0.01). Women who were obstetrically high-risk, were referred during the course of labor, or were at 39 weeks or more gestational age were also more likely to undergo cesarean birth (p-value < 0.001). The facility-level variables associated with method of birth was birth at a facility that had anesthesia service in the facility 24/7, was a teaching facility, required fees for cesarean birth, had electronic fetal monitoring available, and had providers skilled in operative vaginal birth (p < 0.01). Strategies to reduce the frequency of cesarean rates globally include avoidance of medically unnecessary primary cesarean birth. Our analysis of Robson Group 1 women who are at risk of primary cesarean birth highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy pre-pregnancy and pregnancy weight, optimizing management of women with medical problems, and ensuring clear referral mechanisms that ensure women are transferred earlier in the labor course (when warranted). Consideration of removing or reducing fees for cesarean birth warrants further exploration.

Keywords: cesarean birth, low- and middle-income countries, Robson group 1.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The impact of antenatal voluntary counseling and testing for HIV on future fertility intentions, desired family size and contraception in Uganda

B.  C. Businge^{1, 2}, B. M. J. Nannozi^{3, 4}, C. Biryabarema⁵, T. Mutyaba², J. Wandabwa¹, F. Mirembe², C. Kigundu⁵ and B. Longo-Mbenza¹*

¹Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, South Africa Republic.

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere Medical School, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.

³Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.

⁴Mengo Hospital Kampala, Uganda.

⁵Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.

Accepted 23 October, 2018

Abstract

This study aimed is at assessing the impact of voluntary counseling and testing for HIV on family planning in a setting of high HIV prevalence and high TFR. An intervention study was conducted between January and March 2004 among women who had been counseled about HIV, STI and contraception during pregnancy followed with voluntary HIV testing. 121 HIV positive and 206 HIV negative attending antenatal clinic aged 24.6 ± 5.4 years (range 17 - 36 years) participated in this study. The independent and significant (P < 0.01) determinants of future fertility after current pregnancy were HIV sero-negative status (OR = 7.9 95% CI 4 - 16.1), monogamy (OR = 2.795 CI 1.2 - 5.5), ideal family size as ≥ 4 children (OR = 2.7 95% CI 1.3 - 5.5) and current number of live children = 0 (OR 5.8 95% CI 3.1 - 10). Knowledge of HIV serostatus had significant impact on ideal family size, but no impact on the choice of contraception method.

Key words: Uganda, HIV/AIDS, contraception, family planning.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Desire for pain relief in labour in Northeastern Nigeria

Bala Audu¹, Usman Yahaya², Mohammed Bukar¹*, Aliyu El-Nafaty², Hadiza Abdullahi¹ and Othman Kyari¹

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria.

Accepted 15 September, 2018

Abstract

Labour pain is a distressing and psychologically traumatizing experience to the parturient but little data exist in the Northeastern part of Nigeria regarding pain relief in labour, despite its many advantages. To determine the knowledge, desire and access to pain relief in labour as well as perception of labour pain. This is a cross sectional study of two hundred and fifty five women in two tertiary institutions in north-eastern Nigeria. Patients attending the antenatal clinics or staying in the lying in ward of the hospital after delivery were interviewed and questionnaires filled. One hundred and ninety (74.5%) were undelivered while 65(25.5%) were in the immediate postpartum period. One hundred women were interviewed at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) while 155 were interviewed at the Federal medical Centre Gombe. The interviews centred on their perception of pain and duration of labour. The mean age and parity were 27.6 ± 5.7 and 2.8 ± 2.1 respectively. About 80% of those interviewed rated labour pain as severe to agonizing, 82% had no knowledge of pain relief in labour while 81.6 and 78.8% would like pain relief and recommended same, respectively. Only 11% of those interviewed were given pain relief in labour. The majority of women, 64.7% considered their labour as not prolonged. Parity (P = 0.0002), ethnicity (P = 0.020) and duration of labour (P = 0.00017) significantly influenced pain perception in labour while education (P = 0.25) and age (P = 0.4) had no significant influence on pain perception in labour. Although many of the women were not aware of pain relief in labour, the overwhelming majority would want and have recommended pain relief in labour.

Key words: labour pain, knowledge, desire.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Perception and use of contraceptive amongst female secondary school students in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria

Adetokunbo Tayo¹*, Oluwarotimi Akinola¹, Abiola Babatunde¹, Adeniyi Adewunmi¹, Dele Osinusi¹ and Lukeman Shittu²

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos.

²Department of Anatomy, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 December, 2018

Abstract

The high maternal mortality and morbidity rate in Nigeria is a major concern for every stakeholder in the health sector and unsafe abortion is a major cause. As a remedy, it was suggested that active efforts to promote sexuality education and contraceptive use should be intensified among Nigerian adolescents. In this regard, we studied the level of contraceptive knowledge and use among adolescents in three secondary schools in Lagos between January to March 2010. Results showed that 5% of 1155 students with knowledge of contraception are users, 85% of sexually active respondents were non-users while condom is the most common contraceptive method used. Also, nearly 45% of respondents obtained knowledge about contraception from their parents. We believe that there is a need for aggressive advocacy on adolescent reproductive health (ARH) before initiation of sexual activity and dissemination of information on family planning methods among the teenage.

Key words: Contraceptive knowledge and usage, sexual behaviour, adolescent, Nigeria.