International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anatomical Adaptations of Hydrophytes in Nigerian Aquatic Ecosystems

Adeniyi A. Jayeola1* and Ezekiel A. Folorunso2

1Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 January, 2025

Structural features were studied in ten common hydrophytes from divergent groups, sampled from the Opa-Lake of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife and the creeks of the River Ramos in Ogbotogbo Nigeria. The preponderance of parenchyma tissue is striking in all the species whereas specialized tissues such as treachery elements, sclerieds and fibres are scanty and restricted. Lacuna varies in size from as large 8000 - 11000 µm in Scleria depressa to as small as 3 - 400 µm in Onagraceae sp., Commelina diffusa, Ludwigia suffruticosa and Zebrina pendula. Presence of multicellular trichomes distinguishes Lemna pausicoststa and L. suffruticosa from the remaining species. Chloroplasts were observed in various regions of stems in other species except S. depressa. These attributes represent different degrees of adaptation to aquatic life and are widely convergent among aquatic groups. The observed structural similarity may be related to uniformity of the aquatic habitat. All the same, variation in characters show sufficient discontinuity to support separation of the species studied for taxonomic evaluation.

Key words: Hydrophytes, structure, parenchyma, mechanical, chloroplasts, lacuna, convergence.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the Biochemical Properties of Hippophae rhamnoides L. spp. turkestanica Seeds

Alam Zeb* and Ijaz Malook

Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, N-W.F.P, Pakistan.

Accepted 10 January, 2025

Sea buckthorn is a valuable medicinal plant, cultivated and naturally grown in northern Pakistan. The plant produces berry with small hard seed in the centre. The seed is the source of all nutrients and phytochemcials. However, there is lack of literature regarding the biochemical and physico-chemical quality of the seed. This study consists of evaluation of the physiochemical parameters; elemental components, seed storage protein profile and anatomical structure of sea buckthorn ssp turkestanica seed. Results showed that ash content was 2.05%, moisture content 5.5%, thousand seed mass value 10.20 g; sodium 47.65 ppm, potassium 88.0 ppm, phosphorus 0.43 ppm, magnesium 758.0 ppm, calcium 912.0 ppm, zinc 96.50 ppm, iron 290.25 ppm and silver 3.10 ppm. Seed storage protein electrophoresis reveals the presence of only low molecular weight proteins. SEM analysis shows that seed was 4.3 mm long and 2.4 mm wide with 0.1 - 0.2 nm thicken seed coat. The study provides a good source of information of sea buckthorn seed of Pakistani origin and its potential for cultivation in various parts of the world.

Key words: Hippophae, physiochemical parameters, elements, seed storage proteins, anatomy.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Chemical Classification and Medicinal Potential of Cyperus L. Species

Muhammad Zafar1, Mushtaq Ahmad1*, Mir Ajab Khan1, Shazia Sultana1, Gul Jan1, Farooq Ahmad2, Asma Jabeen3, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah1, Shabnum Shaheen4, Amin Shah5, Abdul Nazir1 and Sarfaraz Khan Marwat1

1Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
2Department of Botany, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
3Environmental Sciences Department, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
4Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Pakistan.

5Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.

Accepted 3 January, 2025

The evaluation of the crude herbal drug which eventually enters the pharmaceutical market is obviously of considerable importance. This operation involves the identification of the material and determination of its quality, purity and of adulterated nature of the adulterants. The present paper is based on the above objectives which confined to chemotaxonomic authentication of Cyprus rotundus L. (Nagar mootha) and its other similar species. Chemotaxonomic techniques including morphology, organoleptography, palynology, anatomy and phyto -chemical analysis were carried out in order to clarify the pharmaceutically important species of Cyperus that is Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus alopecuroides, Cyperus difformis and Cyperus niveus. It is concluded from this study that the genuine source of herbal drug Nagar Mootha is C. rotundus instead of other species. Such type of studies is the need of herbal industry to ensure validation process which applied in the manufacturing of herbal medicines and phyto- pharmaceuticals. This will provide the credibility in the regulation and grown of pharmaceutically important herbal medicines for the foreseeable.

Key words: Cyperus L., chemotaxonomic, pharmaceutical.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-011, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Morpho-anatomical and Palynological Analysis of Five Asteraceae Species from Pakistan

Sohail Jamil Qureshi1, Mir Ajab Khan2 and Maqsood Ahmad3

1Pakistan Islamia Institute AlAin, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, P. O. Box # 15778.
2Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
3Physics Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore Islamabad, Pakistan.

Accepted 15 September, 2024

In this study, Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) collected from Pakistan was investigated by its morphology, leaf epidermal anatomy and pollen grain characteristics. Scorzonera is a perennial herb growing in wet nutrient-poor grasslands and wet heathlands. The stem texture is glabrous in Scorzonera ammophila, Scorzonera picridioides and Scorzonera virgata while tomentose in Scorzonera hondae and terete with fine striate above in Scorzonera laciniata. The bifacial leaves had anomotetracytic, amphianisocytic, brachyparacytic and staurocytic stomata. The pollen morphology results indicate that pollen grains in Scorzonera were lophate. Based on sculpturing, all pollens were echinate in Scorzonera. The pollen class was trizonocolporate in all taxa.

Key words: Morphology, palynology, anatomy, Scorzonera L., scanning electron micrographs, Pakistan.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characterization of Dodonaea viscosa Leaves through Pharmacognostical and Physicochemical Parameters

Sama Venkatesh*, Y. S. R Reddy, M. Ramesh1, M. M. Swamy2, N. Mahadevan2 and B. Suresh2

1University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal - 506 009 India.
2JSS College of Pharmacy, Rockland’s, Ooty – 643 001, India

Accepted 5 January, 2025

Dodonaea viscosa Jacq is a popular medicinal plant. Its leaves are used as anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-bacterial and antifungal agents and in the treatment of fractures. In view of its medicinal importance and taxonomic confusion, pharmacognostic studies, microscopical structure, morphological characters, chemical analysis and numerical values in epidermal study were carried out. These studies provided referential information for identification of this crude drug.

Key words: Dodonaea viscosa, macroscopy, anatomy, ash values, extractive values, leaf constants, microscopy, phytochemical.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Biomechanical Response of the Skull-Dura System to Intracranial Pressure Variations: A Viscoelastic Finite Element Study

Xianfang Yue*, Li Wang, Shufeng Sun, Lige Tong

School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.

Accepted 18 January, 2025

In the work, the dynamic characteristics of the human skull-dura mater system were studied. For the purpose of our analysis, we adopted a model consisted of a hollow sphere. By using the ‘Patran and Ansys’ finite element processor, a simplified three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of a human skull was constructed. The model was used to calculate the deformation of human skull with the intracranial pressure changing. This required good representation of the complex anatomy of the skull. Four different entities are distinguished: Tabula externa, Tabula interna, and a porous Diploe sandwiched in between, and dura mater. A thin-walled skull was simulated by composite shell elements. The viscoelasticity of human skull-dura mater system was studied and analyzed by the finite-element Maxwell model. The 1/8 model consisted of 25224 nodes and 24150 three-dimensional 8-node isoparametric solid elements. The elastic-viscous mechanical characteristics must be used for the skull. The viscous strains account for about 40% of total strains of human skull and dura mater. And the range of strain errors is from 6.45 to 14.82% after ignoring the viscosity of skull and dura mater.

Key words: Viscoelasticity, finite-element analysis (FEA), strain, human skull, dura mater, intracranial pressure.