ISSN 2326-7275
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Glutathione S-transferase activity of erythrocyte genotypes HbAA, HbAS and HbSS in male volunteers administered with fansidar and quinine
P. C. Chikezie1*, A. A. Uwakwe2 and C. C. Monago2
1Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Accepted 18 May, 2020
Abstract
In vivo investigations were carried out to ascertain the comparative levels of erythrocyte GST activity between non-malarious and malarious male subjects of HbAA, HbAS and HbSS erythrocyte genotypes, administered with fansidar and quinine. The incubation of human erythrocytes with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) resulted in almost quantitative conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to form S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) glutathione, determination of GST activity was carried out at 0 h and after 3, 6 and 18 h, 2 antimalarial drugs (Fansidar and quinine) were administered to the volunteers. The control values of non-malarious and malarious individuals ranged between (3.27 to 12.50 iu/gHb) and (2.75 to 12.21 iu/gHb) respectively. Erythrocyte GST activity was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in P. falciparum infected red cells compared to normal ones, except parasitized male HbSS erythrocytes. Generally, the pattern of in vivo erythrocyte GST activity in the presence of the 2 antimalarial drugs showed 2 phase profile. The first stage showed decreasing levels of relative GST activity within approximate time range 6 h after the drugs were administered to the volunteers. The second phase showed recovery of erythrocyte GST activity (6 - 18 h approx.) from the inhibitory effects of the drugs.
Key words: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, erythrocytes, fansidar, quinine, 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitroben-zene (CDNB).
A. A. Uwakwe and C. C. Monago, P. C. Chikezie*
Research Article
Lipid composition of microsomal fraction of female rat liver at different stages of growth
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Lipid composition of microsomal fraction of female rat liver at different stages of growth
Chidozie, V. N.1,3*, Anekwe, G. E.1, Chukwu, O. O. C.2, Olabode, O. A.3, Igweh, A. C.4 and Adeyanju, O. N.3
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos, Nigeria.
2Molecular Biology Department, Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, Vom, Nigeria.
3Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, Vom, Nigeria.
4Biochemistry and Chemotherapy Division, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Vom, Nigeria.
Accepted 06 May, 2020
Abstract
It has been reported that lipids are the only macromolecules which display consistency in their pattern of biosynthesis for all living system. In this study, lipid biosynthesis in the liver microsomes of female Sprague-Dawley rats as they aged (3, 7, 12 , 16 and 20 weeks) was studied. The microsomes were isolated by homogenization and centrifugation. The aliquot of the microsomes and soluble enzymes fraction were dried and separated into neutral and polar lipids. The separation of neutral and polar lipids fractions was by silicic acid column chromatography. The data obtained from the study showed that the total lipid content of the rat liver microsomes, the cholesterol, the triglycerides, and the polar (phosphoglycerides) lipids increased as the rats grew older. The results imply that similar pattern of lipid biosynthesis occurs in rats as in humans. This study has given a better understanding of the pattern of biosynthesis of lipids in female rats.
Key words: Liver microsomes, cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphoglycerides, lipidoses.
G. E, Igweh , O. A., Anekwe , Olabode , O. O. C, Chidozie , O. N, A. C and Adeyanju, V. N*, Chukwu
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol on hepatic and renal functional markers and protein levels in streptozotocin-diabetic rats
Govindasamy Chandramohan1, Khalid S. Al-Numair1 and Kodukkur Viswanathan Pugalendi2*
1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
2Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
Accepted 14 April, 2020
Abstract
Oral administration of 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol at 40 mg/kg body weight to diabetic rats for 45 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and significant increase in plasma insulin levels. In addition, the diabetic rats had decreased levels of plasma total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio as compared to control rats. After treatment with 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol and glibenclamide total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio were brought back to near normal. The activities of hepatic and renal markers were significantly elevated in diabetic rats as compared to control rats. Treatment with 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol and glibenclamide reversed these parameters to near normal levels. In diabetic rats, the decreased levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine with increased levels of albumin and urine volume was observed, and treatment with 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol and glibenclamide reversed these parameters to near normal. These results indicate that 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol, a compound isolated from Casearia esculenta, has beneficial effect on hepatic and renal functional markers.
Key words: Casearia esculenta, 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol, glibenclamide, diabetes, liver, kidney, functional markers.
Khalid S. Al-Numair and Kodukkur Viswanathan Pugalendi*, Govindasamy Chandramohan
Research Article
Effects of cinnamon on blood glucose and lipids levels in diabetic patients (Type1)
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of cinnamon on blood glucose and lipids levels in diabetic patients (Type1)
Abdul Rahim Al Jamal
Zarqa Private University, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, P.O. Box 2000, Zarqa 13110- Jordan. E- Mail: abusuhib2005@yahoo.com. Tel.: +962-(0)788218614.
Accepted 12 March, 2020
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation of cinnamon on blood glucose and lipids levels among type1 diabetics. The samples consisted of 60 subjects with type1 diabetes and the doses of cinnamon were equally administered orally in the form of capsules with breakfast, lunch and dinner. The doses were given for 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken on the starting day of the experiment and at the end of 4 weeks. The fasting blood glucose and lipids levels of types1 were determined, from the results obtained the mean value of fasting blood glucose levels for cinnamon doses on the starting day, was found to be 241.5 mg/dl and the mean values for lipids were triglyceride (225.5 mg/dl), total cholesterol (300 mg/dl) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (165.7 mg/dl). When the diabetic individuals used the doses of cinnamon for 4 weeks, their mean fasting blood glucose level dropped to 126.67 mg/dl, triglycerides (150 mg/dl), total cholesterol (210 mg/dl) and LDL (115.5 mg/dl). The reduction in the mean fasting blood glucose and lipids levels were significant at P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively.
Key words: Cinnamon, blood glucose, lipids level, type1 diabetes.
Abdul Rahim Al Jamal
Short Communication
Toxicological studies of Ceiba pentandra Linn
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Toxicological studies of Ceiba pentandra Linn
S, Sarkiyayi1, S. Ibrahim1 and M. S. Abubakar2
1Department of Biochemistry A.B.U. Zaria, Nigeria.
2Department of Pharmacognocy and Drug development ABU Zaria, Nigeria.
Accepted 11 July, 2019
Abstract
The toxicity profile of aqueous methanol extract of Ceiba pentandra leaves was investigated in mice. Two parameters were determined; acute toxicity and chronic toxicity. For acute toxicity test, the LD50 was found to be over 5000 mg/kg. For chronic toxicity test, the mice were injected with graded doses (250 - 500 mg/kg) of the leaves extract daily for 21 days and the effects on body weight, hematological and serum biochemical parameters were determined. The results revealed that there was no significant change in body weight, meaning that the extract is relatively safe for oral medical use. In fact there were no variable changes in the body weight of the mice from day zero (D0 ) to day twenty one (D21) in all the groups. The parameters determined during chronic toxicity test reveals that the concentrations of urea, chloride ion sodium ion ,potassium ions and bicarbonate were 11.2, 83.2, 131.6, 8.44 and 38 mMol/L respectively for the test animals .The result shows that apart from urea, all other parameters were within physiological acceptable range. The results further reveals, that there was a decrease in Craetinine (88 uMol/L) and Total Protein (57.4 g/L), while AST (19 IU/L), ALT (10 IU/L) and ALP (204 IU/L) concentrations has significantly increased .While there was no significant change in PCV and bilirubin concentrations The finding reveals that C. pentandra has very low toxicity profile in all the tested animals and the plant is relatively safe for herbal oral medication.
Key words: Ceiba pentandra, toxicity, plant.
Sarkiyayi , S. Ibrahim and M. S. Abubakar, S
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and nitric oxide as potential cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mohamed H. Mahfouz1*, Ibrahim A. Emara1, Mohamed S. Shouman2 and Magda K. Ezz 3
1Biochemistry and 2 Internal Medicine Departments,National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Cairo, Egypt.
3 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science. Ain Shams University.
Accepted 10 July, 2019
Abstract
Hyperglycemia affects biochemical parameters and influences the progression of coronary heart disease and mortality rates in diabetic patients. L- arginine is the substrate used by NO synthase to produce the vasodilator NO. However, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is an increase in serum levels of methylated L -arginines, such as ADMA, which is a recently identified potent cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study was designed to determine both risk factors (ADMA and NO) in type 2 diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular disease and to evaluate whether there is an association between ADMA and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the one hand and nitric oxide on the other hand. The study included 3 groups of subjects; Group I (Control group); comprising 20 healthy subjects; the mean age 48 ± 1.6 years; Group II: 20 diabetic patients without cardiovascular complications; the mean age 51.0 ± 1.96 years and Group III; 20 diabetic patients with evidence of cardiovascular complications; the mean age 54.0 ± 2.1 years. Fasting and postprandial serum glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL -c and LDL-c), ADMA and serum NO metabolite level, were determined. Serum glucose (fasting and postprandial), HbA1c and ADMA levels showed significant increase in diabetic patients type 2 with and without cardiovascular complications compared to healthy normal control. Total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and LDL-c manifested significant elevations, while HDL-c level showed insignificant change in both groups in compared to non diabetic healthy subjects. Serum NO metabolite level was significantly reduced in the both diabetic patient groups compared with controls. No correlation between ADMA level and studied parameters in diabetic patients without evidence of cardiovascular complications, whereas in cardiovascular complications group, the ADMA level was positively correlated with both postprandial serum glucose and HbA1c, but there was a negative correlation between ADMA levels and NO. Also, NO was negatively correlated with postprandial serum glucose and HbA1c. In conclusion, ADMA and NO may serve as predictors for future cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients. So, early diagnosis and good glycemic control are more effective in reducing the cardiovascular complications.
Key words: Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, ADMA, nitric oxide.
Mohamed H. Mahfouz*, Ibrahim A. Emara1, Mohamed S. Shouman and Magda K. Ezz