International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Anatomical Examination of the Gastrointestinal System in Cricetomys gambianus: Insights from the Wild African Giant Pouched Rat

M. N. Ali3, O. Byanet1, S. O. Salami3, J. Imam, S. M. Maidawa3, A. D. Umosen3, C. Alphonsus2 and J. O. Nzalak3

1Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue state,
Nigeria.
2Department of Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
3Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Accepted 9 September, 2024

Ten matured African giant pouched rats of both sexes were used in this study. Their mean body weights were 1045.5 ± 110.6 g (standard error of mean, SEM) and their crown-rump body length was 24 1.16 cm. The mean stomach weight and length were 28.81 ± 0.93 g and 20.3 ± 0.80 cm, respectively. The maximum width of the stomach varied between 3.13 ± 0.31 and 3.75 ± 0.28 cm related to the volume of food within the organ. Grossly, the stomach was divided into two parts: the non-glandular and the glandular. A small sac-like diverticulum of about 1.3 cm in length and 1.2 cm in width located on the small curvature of the glandular portion between the cardiac and the pylorus was observed. Internally, a limiting ridge separated the non-glandular from glandular portion of the stomach. We have therefore classified the stomach as being monogastric with a small diverticulum. The mean small intestine length of 129 ± 3.27 cm was the longest segment of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), followed by the 88.2 2.73 cm of the large intestine. The cecum was the largest segment of the large intestine, coma-shaped blind end sac situated at the ileo-cecal junction.

Key words: Anatomy, gastrointestinal tract, wild African giant pouched rat.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Root Anatomical Changes Induced by Mycorrhizal Associations in Zea mays and Lycopersicon esculentum

Jeff H. Taylor*, Adrianne Waltenbaugh and Michelle Shields

Department of Biology Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock, PA 16057 U.S.A.

Accepted 26 November, 2024

The absorption of water and nutrient ions from the soil solution is among the primary roles of roots. To reach the xylem for axial transport, the water and minerals must circumvent the exodermis and (or) endodermis, both of which act as barriers to radial apoplastic diffusion. To do this, the water and minerals must enter the symplast of cells located outside of the outermost apoplastic barrier. Mycorrhiza are known to impact root anatomy and ion uptake, but their effect on those cells where symplastic entry must occur is not known. To examine their impact, the surface area of those living cells apoplastically exposed to the soil solution in Zea mays and Lycopersicon esculentum was examined. For each species, plants inoculated with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and uninoculated plants were examined. The average cell size and number of cells located outside the endodermis (L. esculentum) or exodermis (Z. mays) was assessed by microscopic observation and the appropriate calculations were performed. The absorptive surface area of L. esculentum was not significantly different between inoculated (161 cm2/cm root length) and uninoculated (163 cm2/ cm root length) plants. However, there was a statistically significant difference between Z. mays inoculated (average 37 cm2 /cm root length) and uninoculated (average 11 cm2/cm root length). How this may impact ion uptake pathways is discussed.

Key words: Mycorrhiza, Lycopersicon esculentum, Zea mays, ion uptake potential.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Correlation Between Neuro-Anatomy Prize Recognition and Student Outcomes in the First Anatomy Examination

Shittu, LAJ1*, Bankole, M. A2, Shittu, R. K3, Zachariah, M. P4, Adesanya, O. A 1, Kpela, T1, Babalola, O. S1, Ashiru, O. A1

1Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University
Teaching Hospital, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
3Medical Microbiology Unit, Bolomedics Laboratories, Egbeda, Lagos, Nigeria.
4Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

Accepted 10 November, 2024

Concern has been expressed about the motivational impact of neuro-anatomy award/prize in determining the overall student performance in the final professional anatomy examinations by comparing it with the result outcome of a high stake examination like neuro-anatomy incourse examination using the concept of convergent validity. A total of 57 third year medical students with the records of their grades/scores (Mean ± SD) in the various assessments criteria, were analyzed. In this study, the neuro-incourse examination was consistently a high predictor (r = 0.80; P<0.01) of student performance compared to other incourse examinations (1st incourse, r = 0.60; P<0.01 and 2nd incourse, r = 0.30; P < 0.01 respectively). However, the neuro-incourse examination tests students’ performance in a relatively difficult module and was found to be consistently correlated and highest when compared with the overall professional examination as a result of student motivation.

Key words: Motivation, medical students, neuro-anatomy, curriculum, assessment, professional examination, anatomy, performance, Lagos.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessing Drought Resistance Mechanisms in Tomato Varieties via In Vitro Screening with Polyethylene Glycol

Manoj Kulkarni1* and Uday Deshpande2

1School of Biotechnology, Vidya Pratishthan, Baramati Dist. Pune, India.
2School of Life Sciences, SRTMU, Nanded, India.

Accepted 19 October, 2024

Drought is a major abiotic factor that limits plant growth and productivity. Tomato is an important vegetable crop and area under production is limited by irrigation water scarcity. Effort was made to screen tomato germplasm under in vitro condition using polyethylene glycol (PEG) at four concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 60 g/l) with two replications in factorial CRD. Important seedling characters like root length and weight; shoot length and weight were recorded. Drought resistant mutant derivatives and hybrid produced using mutant derivative as female parent performed significantly superior for root characters. Decrease in seedling growth was worth notice with increasing concentration of PEG indicating precise nature of the in vitro screening. Mutant hybrid and its derivatives were observed with outstanding ability to continue root growth under in vitro stress conditions indicating there ability to fight with sever water stress situation. These results were further confirmed for early indication traits in raised bed seedlings and fully-grown mature plants under field conditions. At all three experimental conditions, mutant derivatives and hybrids performed better than cultivated genotypes under all levels of water stress. Based on results, Hy- 3 and MTG 1-4 were found to be drought resistant due to there remarkable performance at all levels of water stress. This in vitro screening method is potential and cost effective method to screen large set of germplasm within very less time period and accurately.

Key words: Drought, tomato, polyethylene glycol, xylem, anatomy.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluating the Influence of Assessment Criteria on Medical Students' Performance in Anatomy Exams

L. A. J SHITTU¹, M. P. ZACHARIAH², O. A. ADESANYA³, M. C. IZEGBU4, and O. A. ASHIRU¹

¹Department Of Anatomy, ²Department Of Psychiatry, and 4Department Of Morbid Anatomy, Lagos State University, College Of Medicine (LASUCOM), PMB 21266 Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. ³Department Of Anatomy, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 29 September, 2024

This study was designed to assess the convergent validity of the professional anatomy (a multifaceted examination) with other markers of success (the various interactive assessment components of the curriculum) in determining the overall performance of third-year medical students. The aim was to isolate area of academic weakness among the students and to readjust the curriculum content to balance the weakness. A total of 66 third year medical students with records of their grades in the various assessments criteria were analyzed. Parameters on the average End-in course assessment, Short Essays Question (SEQ), Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQ), and Practical (Steeple-chase) were considered. The Practical significantly correlated with overall performance (r = 0.89, P< 0.01). The Practical, MCQ, SEQ and End incourse showed an overall rank order of relative performance in assessment tasks and therefore indicate that, in general, students performance in the Professional examination was better than in the End-incourse examination.

Key words: Assessment, curriculum, Professional examination.
 

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

Clinical Ultrasound Applications in the Assessment of Blunt Abdominal Injuries

Ugwu, A.C.1* and Erondu O.F.2

1Radiology Department Federal Medical Centre, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
2Department of Physics, Rivers state University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Accepted 23 September, 2024

Advances in gray scale imaging, contrast- enhanced harmonic imaging and Doppler technologies have improved the effectiveness of ultrasonography in the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). The use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of the abdomen benefits from an understanding of the abdominal anatomy and familiarity with the acoustic signatures of lesions encountered in parenchymal injuries and the echogenicity of hemoperitoneun at different stages of transition.

Key words: Ultrasonography, blunt abdominal trauma, contrast agent, free fluid.