ISSN 2326-7275
Research Article
A study of the anatomical features of the stem and petiole of the West African species of Momordica
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 5 (2), pp. 100-106, February, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the anatomical features of the stem and petiole of the West African species of Momordica
*James Attoh, Mtem Akume and Ayua Torwel
Department of Physiology and Paraphysiology, College of Health Science, Benue State University, Benue, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: jamesattoh@gmail.com.
Accepted 11 April, 2015
Abstract
Petiole and stem gross anatomy of seven West African species of Momordica L of the family Cucurbitaceae were studied. This was with a view to exploiting their systematic and taxonomic significance; this is because other studies on them were based on morphology. Representatives of the five species were obtained from various parts of the West African sub-region and passed through standard treatments to make permanent anatomical slides for the study. Micrographic evidences of distinguishing and affinity taxonomic features were made. Variations in petiole and stem anatomical attributes were obvious that they could be used as systematic evidence to taxonomically delineate these taxa even at species level. The evidences are used to locate the species in the tribe Cucurbitoideae. The occurrence of grit cells below the epidermis of the petiole of Momordica cabraei is remarkable and separates it from others; this is reported for the first time. Whereas in Momordica cissoides, brachysclerids are found interspersing the cells of the epidermal layer of the petiole which is also reported for the first time. Both stem and petiolar vascular bundle quantitatively separates the species. Cortical parenchyma cellular layers differentiates the species and therefore delineated them. Momordica balsamina stands apart with the possession of stemic 15 to 17 cellular layers of sclerenchymatous tissues. In M. cabraei, the grit cells are present in stem where it is scattered across the tissues whereas in Momordica multiflora, where it was lacking in petiole, packs are arranged below stemic epidermal tissues. The occurrence of starch deposit across various tissue layers of M. multiflora petiole also stands it out. Various other distinguishing features are discussed. The use of petiolar and stemic anatomical features in systematic description of Momordica species is maiden and innovative and reported for the first time.
Key words: Momordica, Cucurbitaceae, stem, petiole, systematics, taxonomy, cucurbitoideae.
Mtem Akume and Ayua Torwel, *James Attoh
Research Article
A study of biological basis for radiographic appraisal of periradicular pathology
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 093-099, January, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of biological basis for radiographic appraisal of periradicular pathology
Kayode Ibikunle
Department of Anatomy and Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. E-mail: kayodeibikunle@gmail.com
Accepted 2 July, 2015
Abstract
The periodontium surrounds and supports the teeth and consists of four major components; gingiva, periodontal ligaments, cementum/dentin, and alveolar bone/lamina dura, with collective function of keeping the tooth in position despite varying changes and responses during mastication. A near-normal radiograph of periradicular tissues was used as the basis for evaluation of some common periradicular radiographic pathologies. Apical periodontitis was 70 (58.33%), alveolar abscess 32 (26.66%), and apical granulomas 15 (12.50%). A background anatomy of the periodontium is advocated as a precondition for accurate evaluation of periradicular pathologies.
Key words: Periodontium, periradicular, pathology.
Kayode Ibikunle
Research Article
Anatomical study of economically viable grass Brachiaria Mutica (Forsskil) Stapf in Eastern India
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 107-115, March, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anatomical study of economically viable grass Brachiaria Mutica (Forsskil) Stapf in Eastern India
*Alok Kori, Kumar Singh and Arya Gopal
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: alok_kori@gmail.com.
Accepted 22 July, 2015
Abstract
Poaceae is the one of the largest family among the monocotyledons in the world. Plants of this family are very frequent like other grasses. BRACHIARIA MUTICA, an economically important plant is considered as one of the best tropical grass for general purposes. The species were commonly used as green foliage, grazing and local resources for animal fodder. The present study deals with few systematic parameters viz. morphology, anatomy, palynology of B. MUTICA which is commonly known as para grass in Eastern India. The result showed some distinct morphological and anatomical as well as palynological characters. All the detailed systematic study of this plant has not worked earlier.
Key words: Brachiaria mutica, morphology, anatomy, palynology, economically viable, Eastern India.
*Alok Kori, Kumar Singh and Arya Gopal
Research Article
Methods of teaching anatomy to 200 level pharmacy students of the University of Lagos, Nigeria
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 129-134, April, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Methods of teaching anatomy to 200 level pharmacy students of the University of Lagos, Nigeria
*Ayo Odunayo1, Henri Ajimobi2 and Festus Awolowo2
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, City University, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: ayoodunayo@yahoo.com.
Accepted 12 January, 2016
Abstract
The introduction of the problem-based learning (PBL) may be a very uncomfortable problem for the students originally exposed to the didactic methods of teaching and learning. Our medical and pharmaceutical curriculum is yet to adopt this new method of learning and as such this study looks forward to exposing some aspects of the traditional style as well as introducing to the students the new method using PBL. It is envisaged that in the five-year Pharmacy program, the students would be exposed to and monitored and their academic performance vis-à-vis their professional competencies adjudged using this two styles of teaching anatomy. A total of one hundred and fifty 200 level Pharmacy students were randomly divided into fifteen groups of ten per group during their 2 semester course in Anatomy in the academic year 2007/2008 session. The students were exposed to both the PBL and traditional methods of teaching anatomy alternately. At the end of the period, 150 structured questionnaires were administered to the students and analyzed statistically. Results from this preliminary study does show that the PBL method of teaching Anatomy to Pharmacy students has strong positive impact in the general perception and knowledge build of the students in their 200 level studies despite the obvious challenges of the environment.
Key words: Pharmacy students, traditional method.
Henri Ajimobi and Festus Awolowo, *Ayo Odunayo
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 4 (6) pp. 085-088, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
An assessment of the effect of exposure to gasoline vapours on the functionality of the prostate gland using serum total and prostatic acid phosphatase
*Julius Akpan, Bob Ekong and Samuel Edet
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B.1115, Calabar, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. Email: julius_akpan@gmail.com
Accepted 05 March, 2015
Abstract
In this study, changes in the activities of serum total and prostatic acid phosphatase (TACP and PACP, respectively), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma( )-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and testosterone level were assessed in male rats exposed wholly to 17.8±2.6cm3 hr-1kg-1m-3 day-1 of gasoline vapours (8 hours daily, 6 days/week) for 20 weeks in exposure chambers. The results showed that exposure to gasoline vapours caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum TACP, PACP, ALP, GGT and testosterone levels, by 74.12 ± 4.71, 74.00 ± 2.80, 53.00 ± 3.6, 87.17 ± 2.5 and 83.42 ± 5.2 percents, respectively, in male rats. Increase in serum acid and alkaline phosphatases, - glutamyltransferase and testosterone levels, observed in this study to be associated with exposure of male rats to gasoline vapours, is known to be implicated in various prostatic clinical conditions, including prostatic cancer.
Key words : Gasoline vapours, acid phosphatase, -glutamyltransferase, testosterone.
*Julius Akpan, Bob Ekong and Samuel Edet
Research Article
Double foramen transversarium in cervical vertebrae: A morphological study
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN 2326-7275 Vol. 4 (6), pp. 089-092, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Double foramen transversarium in cervical vertebrae: A morphological study
Ridhdhish Patel1, Ritika Patel1, Mital Patel2
1P.G.Student, Department of Anatomy, M.P.Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
2Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, M.P.Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, India.
*Corresponding author E-mail:ridhdhish_patel@yahoo.com
Accepted 24 July, 2015
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of duplication foramen transversarium in cervical vertebrae. It may affect the course of vertebral artery which leads to neurological symptoms. The variations in incidence of duplication were important for the spine surgery and radiological approach. A total number of 865 (346 atypical and 519 typical) dried cervical vertebrae were studied in the department of anatomy, M. P. Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Morphological examinations of all cervical vertebrae were done for incidence of duplication of foramen transversarium on both sides. The duplication of foramen transversarium was found most commonly bilateral (4.62%) than the unilateral (4.04%). The study also showed that unilateral duplication was found more on right side (2.31%) than left side (1.73%). The incidence of double foramen transversarium in typical cervical vertebrae (10.04%) was higher than the atypical cervical vertebrae (6.06%). So the present study provided useful data for the surgical and radiological diagnostic approach in cervical spine procedure.
Key words: Foramen Transversarium (FT), Accessory Foramen Transversarium (AFT), cervical vertebrae, spine surgery, morphology.
Ritika Patel, Mital Patel, Ridhdhish Patel