International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Craniometric patterns of three Nigerian ethnic groups

E. I. Odokuma¹*, P. S. Igbigbi¹, F. C. Akpuaka² and U. B. Esigbenu¹

¹Department of Anatomy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.

²Department of Anatomy, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.

Accepted 09 November, 2019

Abstract

The usefulness of craniometry in facilitating proper identification of skeletal remains and in emphasizing a common origin of studied populations is far reaching. Conducting anthropological studies with the aim of obtaining the characteristics of ethnic groups assists not only in understanding the frequency distribution of human morphologies but also in providing the basis for comparison of races. Craniometric patterns were studied in three selected ethnic groups in Nigeria and this study will no doubt form a baseline data for subsequent studies especially as regards the studied populations. This study involved 699 (male 361; female 338) volunteers whose age ranged 18 and over. Respondents were selected along three ethnic groups including Urhobo (male 156; female 147), Ibo (male 141 female 145 and Edo (male 64; female 46) and it was ensured that population for the study was collected using a random stratified method. The cranial volume was measured using standard techniques and it was shown to exhibit strong sexual dimorphism and was useful in differentiating inter and intra population groups. The results showed a significant effect of cranial volume on the measured ethnic groups at 0.05 level of significance. While the Ibo’s had an average cranial volume of 1273.39 cm³, that of the Urhobo’s was 1255.89 and 1310.08 cm³ for the Edo people. Also the cranial capacity of male (1334.34 cm³) was significantly different from that of female (1204.54 cm³) in all the studied tribes, male being larger than that of female p < 0.05.

Key words: Craniometric patterns, ethnic groups, head length, head breadth, auricular height.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Prostatic adenocarcinoma coexisting with schistosomiasis: A case report and review of literature

Agabus N. Manasseh*, Godwins O. Echejoh, Matthew N. Tanko, Olugbenga O. Silas, Nuhu K. Dakum and Barnabas M. Mandong

Departments of Anatomical Pathology and Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos. Nigeria.

Accepted 05 October, 2019

Abstract

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the commonest form of cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death. Not much is known about the aetiology of prostatic cancer. We report a rare case of prostatic adenocarcinoma coexisting with schistosomiasis of the prostate, and review of literature. The association between schistosomiasis and cancer has been well documented in bladder cancer, implicating the genotoxic effect of chronic inflammatory process from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the nitrosating action of bacterial infection. There are no data yet proving the association of this disease with prostate neoplasia. The theory of the genotoxic effect of chronic inflammatory process may explain a “cause and effect” association between prostate cancer and schistosomiasis. A pertinent question therefore is, does schistosomiasis cause tumorigenesis in all tissues affected? This is the first record of prostatic schistosomiasis in association with prostatic cancer in our centre.

Key words: Tropical disease, parasite, carcinoma, prostate.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Anthropometric comparison of nasal indices between Andoni and Okrika tribes of Rivers State, Nigeria

Oladipo G. S.¹*, Eroje M. A.² and Fahwehinmi H. B.¹

¹Anatomy Department Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

²Anatomy Department Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Accepted 15 November, 2019

Abstract

A comparative study on Nasal Index was carried out on subjects from Andoni and Okrika tribes of Rivers State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Four hundred individuals were randomly selected from each tribe comprising 200 males and 200 females, respectively. The ages of the subjects ranged from 21-30 years. The height of the nose (NH) and the breadth of the nose (NB) were measured for each subject using a sliding caliper and the nasal index calculated. The mean nasal index of the Adonis was 79.83 ± 4.19 and 83.77 ± 1.09 for male and female respectively while that of the Okrikas males and females were 86.23 ±1.72 and 86.46 ± 2.37, respectively. The mean nasal index of the Okrika tribe was 86.38 ± 1.35 and this was significantly higher than the mean nasal index of Andoni tribe (81.86 ± 2.26) p< 0.05. Thus the Okrikas fall within the Platyrrhine nose type while the Andonis fall within the Mesorrhine nose type.

Key words: Nasal indices, platyrrhine, mesorrhine, Okrika, Andoni, Nigeria.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An assessment of the histomorphometric evidences of doxorubicin-induced testicular cytotoxicity in Wistar rats

L. C. Saalu¹*, L. A. Enye¹ and A. A. Osinubi²

¹Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria.

²Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Accepted 15 October, 2019

Abstract

Doxorubicin (DOX) also known as hydroxydaunorubicin is a drug used in cancer chemotherapy. It is one of the earliest compounds derived from an antibiotic group of chemotherapy known as anthracycline. It strives to kill malignant cells and produces tumor regression in a variety of human neoplasms. However, its clinical usefulness is limited by its proven toxicity to certain organs particularly the heart and the kidney. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a single dose of DOX on the seminiferous tubulesof rats. Forty male adult (11 to 13 weeks old) wistar rats weighing 185-210 g were used for this research work. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten rats each. Group 1 rats were given a single dose of normal saline (2.5 ml/kg) body weight ip and then were sacrificed a day after. Group 2 animals had 10 mg DOX per kg body weight intraperitoneally (ip) as a single dose. These rats were sacrificed the day after DOX administration. Group 3 animals had 10 mg DOX per kg body weight ip as a single dose but were sacrificed on the 56th day. Group 4 rats had similar treatment as those in group 3, except that they were sacrificed at the end of the 16^th week after DOX administration. The gross anatomical parameters assessed included the testicular weights and volumes while stereological parameters estimated include: diameter and cross-sectional area of the seminiferous tubules; number of profiles per unit area and numerical density of seminiferous tubules. The results showed that there was a general destruction along with degeneration of cells of the seminiferous epithelium following DOX administration. There was also a demonstratable progressive worsening of the testicular derangement with passage of time following DOX challenge. We conclude that DOX has a deleterious effect on the testis.

Key words: Doxorubicin, testis, histomorphometry.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza on root anatomy in Zea mays and Lycopersicon esculentum

Jeff H. Taylor^*, Adrianne Waltenbaugh and Michelle Shields

Department of Biology Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock, PA 16057 U.S.A.

Accepted 06 November, 2019

Abstract

The absorption of water and nutrient ions from the soil solution is among the primary roles of roots. To reach the xylem for axial transport, the water and minerals must circumvent the exodermis and (or) endodermis, both of which act as barriers to radial apoplastic diffusion. To do this, the water and minerals must enter the symplast of cells located outside of the outermost apoplastic barrier. Mycorrhiza are known to impact root anatomy and ion uptake, but their effect on those cells where symplastic entry must occur is not known. To examine their impact, the surface area of those living cells apoplastically exposed to the soil solution in Zea mays and Lycopersicon esculentum was examined. For each species, plants inoculated with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and uninoculated plants were examined. The average cell size and number of cells located outside the endodermis (L. esculentum) or exodermis (Z. mays) was assessed by microscopic observation and the appropriate calculations were performed. The absorptive surface area of L. esculentum was not significantly different between inoculated (161 cm²/cm root length) and uninoculated (163 cm²/ cm root length) plants. However, there was a statistically significant difference between Z. mays inoculated (average 37 cm² /cm root length) and uninoculated (average 11 cm²/cm root length). How this may impact ion uptake pathways is discussed.

Key words: Mycorrhiza, Lycopersicon esculentum, Zea mays, ion uptake potential.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Use of formalin and modified gravity-feed embalming technique in veterinary anatomy dissection and practicals

Itopa E. Ajayi¹, James C. Shawulu¹, Abdurrahman Ghaji¹, Gabriel K. Omeiza² and Okwoche J. Ode³

¹Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

²Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

³Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

Accepted 02 September, 2019

Abstract

Gravity feed embalming technique was used to preserve cadavers for teaching of gross anatomy and practicals. Six white Fulani cattle were used. The gravity feed technique was employed to embalm through the right common carotid artery. The right external jugular vein was used to drain blood from the vascular system concurrently. Complete embalming was achieved in about 10 h using an embalming fluid constituted of a combination of 10% formalin, phenol and glycerine. The technique demonstrated cost efficiency and reliability as there was minimal tissue and organ distortion.

Key words: Gravity-feed technique, embalming, formalin, veterinary anatomy dissection.