ISSN 2326-7275
Research Article
Ghrelin promote partial the early recovery of rats after subtotal gastrectomy
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Ghrelin promote partial the early recovery of rats after subtotal gastrectomy
Song Yu, Zhi-Gang Wang, Cheng-Guang Yang, Jun Yan, Wen-Cai Qiu and Qi Zheng*
Department of General Surgery, Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
Accepted 12 May, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of exogenous ghrelin for early recovery in partial gastrectomied rats and its long-term significance. The subtotal gastrectomy (B-ltype) rats were randomly divided into two groups, and then they were treated with intraperitoneal injection of saline or ghrelin intervention respectively. Body weight and daily food intake were measured before and after the operation. After the seventh post-operation, rats were sacrificed, the fundus of stomach and anastomosis were taken to determine ghrelin mRNA expression by real-time fluorescent quantitive PCR and to evaluate the bursting pressure and hydroxyproline content. There was no difference in body weight between the two groups (P>0.05); Cumulative food intake (P<0.05) was 52.50±6.77 g in ghrelin group, which was higher than that in the saline group (45.67±7.47 g) (P<0.05). However, the ghrelin mRNA expression in ghrelin treatment group was lower than the control group (P<0.01). Compared to the saline group, ghrelin-treated rats displayed a higher bursting pressure (P<0.05) and anastomotic hydroxyproline content (P<0.01). Ghrelin treatment in the postoperative rats can promote energy metabolism and body weight gain. Ghrelin could effectively promote the healing of anastomosis. However, exogenous ghrelin intervention may inhibit the early compensatory mechanisms of residual stomach.
Key words: Ghrelin, subtotal gastrectomy, rats, anastomosis, early recovery.
Zhi-Gang Wang, Jun Yan, Wen-Cai Qiu and Qi Zheng*, Cheng-Guang Yang, Song Yu
Research Article
Health related quality of life of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Yemen
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Health related quality of life of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Yemen
G. Q. Othman1*, M. I. M. Ibrahim2 and Y. A. Raja’a3
1Social and Administrative Pharmacy Discipline, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
2Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen.
Accepted 18 April, 2018
Abstract
To compare the health related quality of life (HRQoL) between pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (PTB and EPTB) patients at pre- and post-intensive phases of treatment. A total of 173 PTB and 160 EPTB patients were selected from the TB centers in Sana’a, Yemen. The patients were given DR-12 questionnaire, measuring three domains: symptoms, life activities and social activities. DR-12 was subjected for internal consistency, reliability and linguistic validation. Quality of life was measured at onset, after one month, and at the end of intensive phase of treatment. Patients with PTB had significantly worse HRQoL score compared to EPTB (P < 0.05). The greatest difference was observed in the dimension reflecting symptoms, during the intensive phase. The improvement in HRQoL for both PTB and EPTB patients for the three domains, after one month and at the end of intensive phase compared to the baseline were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The HRQoL did not improve in PTB patients who failed to convert at the end of the intensive phase compared to the first month. At baseline, PTB patients have significantly lower HRQoL than EPTB. Both PTB and EPTB patients significantly improved after onset of treatment. The converted PTB patients improved in symptoms as compared to the non converted PTB patients.
Key words: Yemen, DR-12 questionnaire, health-related quality of life, tuberculosis.
G. Q. Othman*, M. I. M. Ibrahim and Y. A. Raja’a
Research Article
An unusual way to synthesize 1-nitronaphthalene from 1-amino-5-nitronaphthalene
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
An unusual way to synthesize 1-nitronaphthalene from 1-amino-5-nitronaphthalene
Nitin Srivastava, Madhulata Shukla and Satyen Saha*
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi 221 005, India.
Accepted 17 April, 2018
Abstract
1-nitronaphthalene has unexpectedly been synthesized from 5-nitronaphthylamine using diazotization method and treatment with aqueous copper sulphate solution. Detailed UV-visible, FT-IR spectral analysis in addition to 1HNMR, 13CNMR studies have confirmed the product.
Key words: Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 1-nitronaphthalene, 1-amino-5-nitronaphthalene, diazotization, copper sulphate for reduction, UV-visible spectrum.
Nitin Srivastava, Madhulata Shukla and Satyen Saha*
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-011, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antioxidant properties of crude and fractionated extracts of Alpinia mutica rhizomes and their total phenolic content
Chung-Weng Phang1, Sri Nurestri Abd Malek1*, Halijah Ibrahim1 and Norhanom Abdul Wahab2
1Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Accepted 21 June, 2018
Abstract
In the present study, the antioxidant potential of the crude methanol and its fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and water) of the rhizomes of Alpinia mutica was investigated, employing four different assays. The antioxidant assays used were 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, b-carotene bleaching, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the reducing power assays while the total phenolic content was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant property in comparison to the other extracts against all assays conducted. The ethyl acetate fraction displayed better antioxidant activity in comparison to the standard compound, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and ascorbic acid in the b- carotene linoleate model system and the SOD assay. The ethyl acetate fraction was also found to have the highest phenolic content among the extract and fractions. The phenolic compounds present in the ethyl acetate fraction may have contributed to the good antioxidant properties of the ethyl acetate fraction. In conclusion, the rhizome extract of A. mutica especially the ethyl acetate fraction possesses good antioxidant activity and can be potentially used as natural antioxidants.
Key words: Alpinia mutica, antioxidant, radical scavenger, flavonoid, total phenolic content.
Halijah Ibrahim and Norhanom Abdul Wahab, Chung-Weng Phang, Sri Nurestri Abd Malek*
Research Article
Bacteriology of burns and antibiogram in an Iranian burn care center
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bacteriology of burns and antibiogram in an Iranian burn care center
Shahnaz Beheshti and Mohammadali Zia*
Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Accepted 21 April, 2018
Abstract
Burn patients face an obviously high risk for infections due to the immunocompromising effects of their injury. This study aimed to detect and identify bacteria isolated from patients and hospital environment in the burn unit and determine their antibiogram pattern in response to commonly used antimicrobial agents; in order to give recommendations for management of bacterial infections and drug-resistance. Materials of this study were 100 samples of burn wounds and multiple swab samples of different hospital environments. One hundred and twelve isolates were analyzed, from which there was a single agent in the majority of cases (73.3%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate (32.2%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (16.9%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (12.5%), Acinetobacter spp. (11.7%), Klebsiella spp. (8.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.2%), -hemolytic streptococci (4.4%), and others (6.2%). The most commonly detected isolate from hospital environment was P. aeruginosa (35%) followed by Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci. P. aeruginosa was the most resistant to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (100%), whereas other gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin and cephalosporin (70 to 100%). Restriction in the abuse of antibiotics and establishment of an infection control unit will help lower the incidence of infection.
Key words: Bacteriology, burn wounds, antibiogram, bacterial infections.
Shahnaz Beheshti, Mohammadali Zia*
Research Article
Vasomotor effect of cyclovirobuxine D and its underlying mechanisms
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-009, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Vasomotor effect of cyclovirobuxine D and its underlying mechanisms
Xinhua Zhang1, Yongmei Han1, Biqi Zhang2 and Shenjiang Hu2*
1Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated with School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3 Road East Qingchun, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
2The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Road Qingchun, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.
Accepted 21 June, 2018
Abstract
To investigate the vasomotor effects of Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB) on the rat aortic rings in vitro and underlying mechanisms, rat aorta was obtained, and aortic rings with or without endothelium were pre-treated with potassium chloride (KCl) or phenylephrine (PE). Then, CVB was added and its vasomotor effects were observed. In addition, the influence of other drugs on the CVB induced vasomotor effects was detected. The effects of CVB and verapamil (VER) on the dilation of the aortic rings were observed. After incubation in Ca2+ free solution containing CVB, the KCl pre-treated aortic rings were treated with CaCl2 aiming to investigate the effects of CVB on the influx of extracellular calcium, or with PE and caffeine to observe the effects of CVB on the release of intracellular calcium. In aortic rings precontracted with PE or KCl, CVB produced concentration-dependent relaxation in both endothelium-intact and denuded rings. But the dilation of rings with intact endothelium was more potent than that of rings without endothelium. In intact rings, L-NAME (100 µmol/L) or indomethacin (10 µmol/L) reduced the degree of CVB-induced relaxation. CVB (3.2×10-4 mol/L) and VER (1 µmol/L) could induce the dilation of KCl precontracted rings and these effects could be partially reversed by CaCl2 (1.25 mmol/L). In Ca2+ free solution, calcium-dependent KCl contractions were inhibited by CVB (3.2×10-4 mol/L). Furthermore, CVB (3.2×10-4 mol/L) inhibited the PE (1 µmol/L) induced contraction of aortic rings, but had no effect on the caffeine (10 mmol/L) induced contraction. CVB vasodilates by endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanism, Endothelium-dependent involving nitric oxide or prostaglandin released from the endothelium. Its endothelium-independent vasodilation probably occurs via the suppression of voltage- sensitive Ca2+ channel and inhibition of IP3-sensitive Ca2+ released in vascular smooth muscles, but has no effect on ryanodine receptor.
Key words: Cyclovirobuxine D, vasomotor effects, Ca2+.
Xinhua Zhang, Biqi Zhang and Shenjiang Hu*, Yongmei Han