ISSN 2756-3286
Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of feed forms and feeding frequency on growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings
Ajani F.1*, Dawodu M. O.2 and Bello-Olusoji O. A.3
1Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, P. M. B. 284, Bowen University, lwo, Nigeria.
2Department of Chemistry, P. M. B. 284, Bowen University, lwo, Nigeria.
3Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Accepted 20 October, 2019
Abstract
A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimum feeding frequency and best feed form for the growth and nutrient utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Three replicate groups of fish (average weight of 3.05+ 0.25 g) were fed at 5% body weight using either floating or sinking pellets at different feeding frequencies (three meals a day, two meals a day or one meal a day) in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design. The mean weight gain and daily feed intake of the fish were not affected significantly by the feed forms; however the fish fed with floating pellets had a slight higher weight gain than those fed with the sinking pellets. The weight gain and daily feed intake of fish fed floating or sinking pellets twice a day and thrice a day were significantly higher than that of the fish fed once in a day (p < 0.05) . The feeding frequency did not have any effect on the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in the fish fed with sinking pellet but these variables were significantly (p < 0.05) affected in the fish fed once in a day when compared with other feeding frequencies while using floating pellet. The feeding frequencies and feed forms had no significant effect on the protein content of the fish carcass. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded in the lipid content of fish as feeding frequency increases. It is therefore concluded that any of these fish feed forms can be fed at twice or thrice per day effectively for optimum result in the growth of C. gariepinus.
Key words: African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), feed frequency, feed form, growth, nutrient utilization.
Ajani F.*, Dawodu M. O and Bello-Olusoji O. A
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1115Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Estimating the production in two shrub species of Atriplex canescens and Haloxylon ammodendron using some morphological parameters
Seyed Akbar Javadi1*, Somayeh Naseri2, Mohammad Jafari3 and Mohammad Zadbar4
1Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Range Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3Faculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
4Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan, Khorasan, Iran.
Accepted 17 November, 2019
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between production as an independent variable and small diameter, large diameter, height, canopy cover, volume, average diameter height as dependent variables in Atriplex canescens and Haloxylon ammodendron were evaluated to select the best variables for estimating production in these species. The study site was located in Yousef Abad Neyshabur Rangelands, North East of Iran, Khorasan Razavi Province. Samplings were done random-systematic along Transects with 300 m length and 100 m distance from each other (samplings were done at the first, middle and end of each Transect and in the plots with dimensions of 2 × 4 m2 in H. ammodendron and 4 × 4 m2 in A. canescens). Production was measured by clipping and weighting method. Parameters like small and large diameter, height and canopy cover were also measured. To evaluate the relationship between dependent variables and production as independent variable, the multiple variables regression analysis and stepwise regression were performed. The results showed that volume in At. canescens and height in Ha. ammodendron was the most effective factors for estimating production.
Key words: Shrub production, cover, stepwise regression, Atriplex canescens, Haloxylon ammodendron, Yousef Abad Neyshabur, Arid rangelands.
Somayeh Naseri, Mohammad Jafari and Mohammad Zadbar, Seyed Akbar Javadi*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1114Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of continuous cropping duration on population dynamics of second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne spp. and free-living soil nematodes
H. Y. Wu* and L. B. Shi
College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China.
Accepted 15 October, 2019
Abstract
Due to continuous cropping over many years, the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) has become a severe pest in plastic film greenhouses in China. This study investigated the populations of root-knot nematode second-stage juveniles (J2) in comparison to other free-living soil nematodes in soils continuous cropped for different durations. Overall, the J2 population increased with the duration of continuous cropping. The number of J2 at different soil depths in soils cropped for 0 and 5 years was significantly lower than in soils cropped for 8 and 12 years (P < 0.05). In soils that had been continuously cropped for 8 and 12 years, the average number of J2 was 154.9 and 861.8 nematodes per 100 g dry soil, respectively. The J2 numbers increased with soil depth, being predominantly distributed at 20 - 30 cm soil depths. Free-living nematode populations also increased with soil depth. The percentage of J2 nematodes based on total nematode numbers was significantly higher in soils continuously cropped for 8 and 12 years than for plots cropped for 0 or 5 years (P < 0.05).
Key words: Distribution, soil depth, soil nematode, tomato.
H. Y. Wu*, L. B. Shi
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1113Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation and modification of model for the prediction of wheat yield at Iran region
Fayaz Aghayari Aralloye Bozorg1*, Fereydon kaveh2, Mansour Parehkar3 and Mohammad Manshouri2
1Water Sciences and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3Faculty member, Research Institute for Water Scarcity and Drought in Agriculture and Natural Resources (RIWSD), Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 20 November, 2019
Abstract
In this study, the mentioned model was evaluated and modified for simulation of winter wheat (Sabalan cul.) under irrigated and rainfed conditions in Maragheh area (Eastern Azarbayejan province) of Iran for three consecutive crop years (1999 - 2000 to 2001 - 2002). The simulated and measured grain yields were compared. Results show that the model was simulated satisfactory for the grain yield under irrigated condition, but the model was not able to simulate the grain yield under rainfed condition. The simulated grain yield was less than observed values under rainfed condition and it sounded that soil water content in this condition was simulated lower. Therefore, the coefficient of soil readily available water was changed from 0.65 to 0.90 for rainfed grain yield simulation. The model was able to predict more available water for plant transpiration using this scheme. The modified model properly simulated the grain yield under rainfed condition. Furthermore, it was found that this model was not able to simulate the grain yield for crop year (2001 - 2002) with high rainfall during the growing season in spring and summer due to plant disease infection. The amount of this rainfall was more than 140 mm and the model was modified for this parameter. Therefore, the modified model for excess rain was able to simulate the grain yield of Sabalan winter wheat under irrigated and rainfed conditions in the Maragheh area even for years with high rainfall during the growing season in spring and summer. Finally, the modified model was validated by data obtained for Alamoot cultivar and the results indicated that there was no significant differences at 5% level between measured and predicted grain yield.
Key words: Crop modeling, grain yield simulation, winter wheat cultivar.
Ajani F*, Dawodu M. O and Bello-Olusoji O. A.
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1112Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study on hyperspectral estimating models of tobacco Leaf Area Index
Zhang ZhengYang1, Ma XinMing2*, Liu GuoShun3, Jia FangFang1, Qiao HongBo2, Zhang YingWu1, Lin Shizhao1 and Song WenFeng3
1Agronomy College of Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China.
2Information and Management Science College of Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China.
3National Tobacco Cultivation, Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China.
Accepted 09 December, 2019
Abstract
Leaf Area Index (LAI) is an important biophysical parameter and is a critical variable in many ecology models, productivity models, and carbon circulation studies. To assess and compare various hyperspectral models in terms of their prediction power of tobacco LAI, tobacco canopy hyperspectral reflectance data of the root extending stage, fast growing stage, and mature stage in different water-nitrogen conditions were collected with a FieldSpec HandHeld spectroradiometer. Based on the pot experiment data, an evaluation of tobacco LAI retrieval methods was conducted using four vegetation indices, principal component analysis (PCA), and neural network (NN) methods. The estimated effects of the three methods were then compared. Results indicated that all three methods have ideal effects on LAI estimation. Determination coefficients (R2) of the validated models of vegetation indices, PCA, and NN were (0.768 ~ 0.852), 0.938, 0.889, respectively. The PCA and NN methods show higher precision. The stability of the PCA validated model is the best because its Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.172 is smaller than those of the vegetation indices (0.237 ~ 0.322) and NN (0.195). As a whole, the PCA and NN methods could improve the retrieval precision and were prior selection for LAI estimation.
Key words: Hyperspectral, flue-cured tobacco, LAI, vegetation Indices, principal component analysis, neural network.
Qiao HongBo, Lin Shizhao and Song WenFeng, Ma XinMing*, Jia FangFang, Zhang ZhengYang, Liu GuoShun, Zhang YingWu
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1111Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study on structural features in early flower development of Jatropha curcas L. and the classification of its inflorescences
Jun Wu, Yuan Liu, Lin Tang, Fuli Zhang and Fang Chen*
College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
Accepted 26 November, 2019
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. produces seed oil that is viewed as having tremendous potential as an economical alternative for diesel fuel. Seed yield, the main factor determining jatropha oil production, is highly associated with flower development, especially with the number of female flowers. However, little was known regarding floral development in this species. Accordingly, studies were undertaken to develop more information on the developmental process of floral organs. The early floral development was divided into 12 phases. The present study illustrated that, the sex differentiation of male or female flowers occurred in phase-VII; earlier phases presented unapparent structural differences. The male flowers always had unisexual tissues during floral development. In contrast, early development of female flowers presented bisexual tissues, with male sexual degradation occurring at the later developmental phases. There was significant location specificity with respect to the inflorescence of male and female flowers. Based on this, the present study combined the total number of female flowers, and divided the inflorescence into three types, which had significant differences in the number of female flowers; they likewise presented different probabilities of occurrence in terms of different growing seasons.
Key words: Biofuel, flower, inflorescence, Jatropha curcas, sex differentiation, scanning electron microscopy.
Fuli Zhang and Fang Chen*, Lin Tang, Yuan Liu, Jun Wu
Page: 1 - 10
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1110